sample per individual (total of 30 samples). The bark and core of the samples were analyzed independently. All samples were oven-dried to constant weight, at 105 °C and ground in a suitable mill. Sample weights of 30 mg were separated for C and N
Container crops in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are grown primarily in Douglas fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] bark (DFB). Similar to pine ( Pinus taeda L.) bark in the southeast U.S., DFB comprises the highest portion of most
individual, for a total of 25 samples. The bark and core of the samples were analyzed independently. All samples were oven-dried to a constant weight at 105 °C and ground in a suitable mill. Sample weights of 30 mg were separated for C and N determination
In the eastern United States, nurseries use either loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) or longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) bark as the primary organic component in soilless substrates. Pine bark was initially used as a growing substrate in the
quality and quick salability. Stratifying high-performance peat-based substrates atop of low-cost pine bark may present benefits for growers in the form of reducing peat use and subsequently lowering substrate-related expenditures. To expand, a high
results from microbial decomposition of organic matter, particularly when the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the organic material exceeds 30:1 ( Bunt, 1988 ; Nelson, 2011 ). Aged barks, sawdust, hammer-milled pine tree materials, and other wood
American beech ( Fagus grandifolia ) trees in the northeastern parts of its range have been devastated by beech bark disease (BBD), an introduced insect–fungus disease complex incited by an initial infestation by the scale insect, Cryptococcus
solute transport is warranted to develop a more direct and thorough understanding of water and solute transport in soilless systems. Physical properties of the pine-bark and sand blends commonly used in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern U.S. nursery
Container crops in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are grown primarily in Douglas fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] bark (DFB). Similar to Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) bark in the southeast United States, DFB comprises the highest
In the eastern United States, pine bark is the predominate substrate component in outdoor nursery container plant production. Pine bark is a byproduct of the timber industry and is stripped off logs following harvest. Once the removed pine bark is