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about one-third of the global soil carbon stock ( Freeman et al., 2004 ). Peat harvesting, particularly draining peatlands, accelerates the decomposition process and results in the carbon stored in the peat being released to the atmosphere as carbon

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was high, it posed a fire risk, it decomposed rapidly, and it could lead to waterlogging of the soil, potentially resulting in plant death. Overall though, he concluded that using mulch could result in a net overall profit from fruit sales due to

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, and then shipped to F. Chavez (Cal-Native Plants). Coir used in all experiments was not retted. Retting is a process used to extract quality coir fiber from coconut husk ( Neena et al., 2007 ). It involves soaking coconut husk in water to decompose the

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lagoons. Although manure is detained in the lagoon, solids settle and must be periodically dredged to maintain the functionality of the lagoon. Buildup of solids reduces the lagoon’s treatment volume, which subsequently slows the biological decomposition

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allelochemical, which can be exuded or leached from nearby living plants or decomposing residues. Weed suppressive cover crops that have been successfully used to suppress annual weeds have included economically important cereals such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum

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data were log 10 transformed to satisfy the assumptions of analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA was used to determine significance of treatment effects on nematode population densities and on fruit yield. Means separations were carried out on

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sampled was recorded for each plot. All data were analyzed separately for each golf course. Turfgrass visual quality ratings were arcsine square root–transformed before analysis of variance. For the shoot-galls and nematode counts the nonparametric Kruskal

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( Przemieniecki et al. 2021 ). In addition, it can improve the soil organic matter content and efficiently decompose residues of pesticides in contaminated soils ( Yen et al. 2021 ). Vermicompost can potentially reduce continuous cropping negative impact and

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and ϵ ij were assumed to be normally distributed with a zero mean and constant variance. The difference between μ i and ϵ ij was that ϵ ij was the same for each respondent, whereas ϵ ij varied across each respondent and bag being evaluated

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2003 ). When ω ijt is logged, the mean of the resulting logged variable depends on the variance of   ω ijt . This is relevant because the error terms generated when working with trade data are likely to be heteroskedastic. The variance of

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