81 cm wide and had been fumigated with 67% methyl bromide:33% chloropicrin at 196.1 kg·ha −1 and were covered with reflective plastic mulch. Plants were spaced 46 cm apart in rows, with 152 cm between rows, staked, and tied, and irrigated by drip
-emitting diode (LED) technology ( Olle and Viršile, 2013 ), as well as with colored nets ( Manja and Aoun, 2019 ), reflective mulches ( Kasperbauer, 2000 ), or bags ( Sharma et al., 2014 ). Research using LED technology has provided the most detailed information
parameters in the cultures. Blue light will result in a thicker cuticle if it is reflective. These wavelength bands alter the proportions of esters and leaf wax alcohols in the leaves of pepper ( Kasperbauer and Wilkinson, 1995 ). Biomass evaluation. Table 4
possible while minimizing nutrient waste and loss. Materials and Methods 2005 study. On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly liners (10-cm tall in 64-cm 3 containers) were potted in 2.8-L plastic containers [17 cm (h) × 17 cm (d)] containing either
Instrument Co., Albany, OR). The measurements were made at midday (1330–1530 hr ) on mature, shaded leaves that were enclosed for at least 1 h inside dark plastic bags laminated with a reflective aluminum foil. A preliminary study indicated that water
integrating sphere (Model LI-1800-12S; LI-COR). The soil under the screenhouses and in the open field was completely covered by black polypropylene mulch. Plant material. Sweet pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L., cv. Dolmi) were transplanted in the three
suggested by Handreck (1992a) . On 8 May 2006, 12 cm tall × 15 cm square (1.7-L) plastic containers were filled with the three substrates and placed on raised benches in the Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA) Greenhouse Facility (glass-covered) with average day
viewed by approaching planes. This required the use of calculus and trigonometry to scale up the paper design and knowledge of ways to create color on a large scale, for example, covering grass with black plastic for 2 weeks to create yellow and use of
orchard in response to the restrictive meteorological factors in the two production regions. For instance, in the Circum-Bohai production region, reflective film mulching was laid on orchard ground during the fruit ripening stage to increase the daytime
-row spacing between plants was 0.30 m. The soil type was a Topic Dystropepts. The rows were covered using silver-on-black plastic mulch with a thickness of 1.2 to 2.0 mils and a width of 4 ft. Rainfall supplied most of the water to the field and an irrigation