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application of soybean meal at 111 Kg·ha −1 N. Ten centimeter high, 120-cm wide raised bed plasticulture with 1.8-m row spacing was used. Reflective plastic mulch was used to minimize tomato spotted wilt incidence. Plant training methods included standard

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. Changing the reflective mulches to reflect more red and far-red light affects growth of sweet pepper ( El-Desouky et al., 2005 ) and changes the specific accumulation of volatile compounds ( Loughrin and Kasperbauer, 2001 , 2003 ). Increased production of

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quantifying susceptibility to cercospora leaf spot and variation in horticultural characteristics. Ten plants were placed in individual transparent plastic bags in centrally controlled misting chambers (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva

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-emitting diode (LED) technology ( Olle and Viršile, 2013 ), as well as with colored nets ( Manja and Aoun, 2019 ), reflective mulches ( Kasperbauer, 2000 ), or bags ( Sharma et al., 2014 ). Research using LED technology has provided the most detailed information

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81 cm wide and had been fumigated with 67% methyl bromide:33% chloropicrin at 196.1 kg·ha −1 and were covered with reflective plastic mulch. Plants were spaced 46 cm apart in rows, with 152 cm between rows, staked, and tied, and irrigated by drip

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and covered with a white-on-black polyethylene plastic mulch film. Two drip tapes with emitters spaced 30 cm apart and a flow rate per emitter of 0.91 L·h –1 (Netafim, USA, Fresco, CA) were installed at 2-cm depth in each bed. Preplant fertilizers

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parameters in the cultures. Blue light will result in a thicker cuticle if it is reflective. These wavelength bands alter the proportions of esters and leaf wax alcohols in the leaves of pepper ( Kasperbauer and Wilkinson, 1995 ). Biomass evaluation. Table 4

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possible while minimizing nutrient waste and loss. Materials and Methods 2005 study. On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly liners (10-cm tall in 64-cm 3 containers) were potted in 2.8-L plastic containers [17 cm (h) × 17 cm (d)] containing either

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Instrument Co., Albany, OR). The measurements were made at midday (1330–1530 hr ) on mature, shaded leaves that were enclosed for at least 1 h inside dark plastic bags laminated with a reflective aluminum foil. A preliminary study indicated that water

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integrating sphere (Model LI-1800-12S; LI-COR). The soil under the screenhouses and in the open field was completely covered by black polypropylene mulch. Plant material. Sweet pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L., cv. Dolmi) were transplanted in the three

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