Abstract
Plant yield, height, and vigor were increased and chlorosis symptoms were decreased by irrigation and/or mulching of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Plant growth ratings were highest in plants receiving both irrigation and mulching. Height, vigor, and survivability of irrigated plants were about twice that of nonirrigated plants. Incorporated organic matter increased height and vigor for nonirrigated and nonmulched plants. Organic matter types and levels resulted in little difference in irrigated plant growth. Incorporated organic matter, mulching, and irrigation all improved the soil moisture condition and enhanced the growth of rabbiteye blueberries.
Joseph, 2009 ). Like many other sources of organic matter, biochars are known to increase retention of water and nutrients in the soil and to improve porosity and permeability of oxygen and other soil gases ( Amoakwah et al., 2017 ; Major et al., 2010
, 2012 ). When these practices are coupled with high temperatures and irrigation under protected conditions, high tunnel soils are left vulnerable to degradation through loss of organic matter and increased soil salinity ( Hajime et al., 2009 ). Soil
et al., 2007 ; Salaiz et al., 1995 ). A common problem in putting green management is the accumulation of root zone organic matter and thatch, which typically contains high lignin contents and is resistant to decay ( Beard, 1973 , 2002 ; McCarty
acres, and considering N release using N mineralization models from soil organic matter were associated with 42%, 28%, 29%, and 32% reductions in applied P 2 O 5 , respectively. Reducing turfgrass acres was also associated with a 23% reduction in K 2 O
(Permatill; Stalite Environmental, Salisbury, NC), organic matter (OM), and sand. Expanded slate lightweight aggregate was the major component on most roofs. The percentage of weight/total weight of expanded slate lightweight aggregate ranged from 30% to 100
Laboratory (SWAT) in Aug. 2011. The test classified the soil as a sandy loam, with pH 7.8, 0.9% organic matter, electrical conductivity of 1.79, 15.5 ppm of nitrate, 39.7 ppm of phosphorus, and 77.0 ppm of potassium. Every attempt was made to manage the field
; Hunt et al., 2012 ). These gardens are normally excavated, backfilled with a filter bed substrate that has high saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and infiltration and low organic matter content, then planted with vegetation that aids in the
plantations, banana pseudostems are a widely used biological resource that can effectively improve soil fertility, maintain soil organic matter levels, and enhance soil nutrients ( Basak et al., 2015 ; Huang et al., 2020 ; Siemens et al., 2003 ). The banana
Orge, 2015 ; Sohi et al., 2010 ). Biochar is a high-carbon co-product of pyrolysis of organic matter that differs from charcoal by its intention of application as a soil amendment ( Lehmann, 2007 ). The low density and large surface area of biochar