Abstract
Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Early California Wonder’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’) were grown for 14 and 22 days in glass tubes with agar supplemented with 87.6 mm (30 g·liter–1) sucrose or without sucrose, respectively, under controlled conditions. Taproot length increased rapidly for 6 days after radicle protrusion, but its growth rate was reduced during the next 4 days for both cultivars in each medium. Basal and lateral roots emerged 5 and 6 days after germination, respectively, or just after cotyledons were expanded fully for both cultivars in either medium. However, ‘Early California Wonder’ produced basal and lateral roots 9 days after germination in agar medium without sucrose. The number of lateral roots did not increase between 6 and 10 days after radicle protrusion in agar medium without sucrose. However, emergence of lateral roots was pronounced during this period in agar amended with sucrose. Root morphological characteristics, shoot weight, shoot:root ratio, and stem height differed minimally between ‘Early California Wonder’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’. The sequence of root development in bell pepper seedlings was characterized by a) rapid taproot elongation from radicle protrusion to fully expanded cotyledons, b) emergence of basal roots followed by lateral roots when cotyledons were fully expanded, and c) increase in the number of basal and lateral roots numbers particularly in the presence of sucrose and reduction in the rate of taproot elongation. Exogenous sucrose reduced the variability for most measured shoot and root characteristics.
Silicon (Si) is not considered an essential plant nutrient; however, several plant species demonstrate improved disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and altered morphological traits when Si is present ( Epstein, 1999 ). Soil contains, on
., 2013 ; Reed and Rinehart, 2006 ; Rinehart and Reed, 2007 ). Although the two are similar morphologically, H. serrata is distinguishable by its smaller, less glossy leaves, increased red coloration in its vegetative parts, and smaller flowers that
Black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L.; syn. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt], a plant native to the eastern United States, is believed to have been used as a medicinal by Native Americans for thousands of years. Currently, the root of the species is popular as a herbal remedy for the relief of menopausal symptoms. Recent estimates suggest that over 90% of the black cohosh sold is collected from the wild, resulting in an unsustainable harvest of ≈9 million individual plants per year. This study investigated the morphological variation of the plant at the population and species levels to assist plant breeders working on domestication and government agencies responsible for conservation of the species. Examination of leaves and flowers suggest morphological of the species is relatively low, but that several populations have unique morphological characteristics.
Detailed anatomical observations of the dorsal gland and its development in Ficus benjamina L. (Weeping Fig) leaves are reported. The dark spot on the abaxial surface of Ficus benjamina leaves is a normal morphological feature of the species. It is a highly specialized modified epidermal layer. An investigation of six commercially available cultivars revealed all possessed a glandular dorsal epidermis but not all developed a pigmented gland. The variability in gland thickness suggests that differences exist between cultivars. Based on histochemical tests, we propose that the term “phenolic gland” be substituted for the term “wax gland” found in the literature, as all tests indicated the presence of polyphenols in the glandular epithelium of F. benjamina leaves.
No linkage was detected in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) between the Cuc locus for scab resistance and the following eight morphological loci: heart leaf (hl), numerous fruit spines (ns), small fruit spines (ss), tuberculate fruit (Tu), uniform immature fruit color (u), dull fruit epidermis (D), gynoecious sex expression (F), and delayed flowering (df). All nine traits were monogenically inherited.
Rose periwinkle (C. roseus `Little Linda'), a common bedding plant, grown in Hoagland solution #1 with Fe-EDTA at 5 mg/L Fe had normal shoot morphology, but abnormal root morphology. The primary root was twisted and lateral roots were extremely stunted with dichotomous branching. Over a dozen other bedding and foliage plant species had normal root morphology when grown in an identical solution, and cuttings from periwinkle with abnormal roots produced normal roots when rooted in 2 mM CaCl2. When these rooted cuttings were grown in Fe free Hoagland solution #1, root morphology was normal, indicating that the Fe-EDTA caused the problem. Seedlings were then grown in solution for 30 days with Fe supplied as Fe-EDTA (both 5 mg/L and 1 mg/L Fe), Fe-DPTA (5 mg/L and 1 mg/L Fe), Fe-EDDHA (2.75 mg/L and 0.55 mg/L Fe) or Fe2O3 (1 g/L). Solution pH for all were in a normal range of 4.8 - 5.6 Only the seedlings grown with Fe2O3, Fe-EDTA (5 mg/L Fe) and Fe-DTPA (5 mg/L Fe) developed abnormal root structure. All others had normal roots.
tomato yield and yield-correlated morphological characteristics. Materials and Methods Production details. This research was conducted at Tennessee Technological University’s Oakley Greenhouse Complex (lat. 36.32151447385345, long. −85
). In summary, scholars using the EDEM discrete element method have not yet analyzed and studied the multiscale fall morphology of fresh tea leaves at different throwing speeds. This study used multiscale fresh tea leaves, including one bud with two
Abstract
A dichotomous key for the identification of ten commercially important highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum Ait.) cultivars introduced since 1949 was constructed based on gross morphological characteristics.