The cut rose, grown as a single-stemmed crop, resembles a potted plant and can be adapted to transportable bench systems. Potentially, this cultivation method could increase control of rose development, flexibility of production and produce, and automation of difficult or laborious cultural operations. Synchronous growth and flowering is considered important. The effects of increased quantum irradiation integral and plant density on shoot growth, fresh biomass production, and bloom quality were studied as single-stemmed rose plants (Rosa hybrida L.) `Kordapa' Lambada, `Tanettahn' Manhattan Blue, `Tanorelav' Red Velvet, and `Sweet Promise' Sonia grown under 20 hours photoperiods at 23 °C average air temperature. Plants were grown in rockwool cubes on ebb and flood benches irrigated with a complete nutrient solution, and were supplied with carbon dioxide at 1000 μmol·mol-1. Increased the daily quantum integral from 17.8 to 21.0 mol·m-2·d-1 increased fresh biomass efficiency, stem diameter, and specific fresh mass while number of nodes, number of five-leaflet-leaves, plastochron value, and stem length at anthesis decreased. Fresh mass at anthesis was not affected by the treatments. Increasing plant population density from 100 to 178 plants/m2 increased stem length at visible flower bud, and reduced both fresh biomass efficiency and specific fresh mass. These effects are suggested to be related to assimilate supply and translocation, and light perception of the roses. High quantum integral slightly reduced flower diameter but in general, quantum integral or plant density did not affect bloom quality or vase life. Use of preservative floral solution generally improved rose flower diameter and vase life. In Lambada increased light quantum integral prolonged vase life, but use of preservative solution did not. The cultivars Sonia and Red Velvet required 19 to 20 days from cutting/planting until onset of bud growth, 29 to 34 days until visible flower bud, and 39 to 49 days until anthesis. Red Velvet roses were ≈60 cm long at anthesis, and had larger stem diameter and growth rate, accumulated more fresh biomass, were most efficient producing fresh biomass, and had higher specific fresh mass among the cultivars. Light quantum integral is suggested to be used as a means to synchronize single-stemmed rose plant development.
. (2016) and used a combination of product attributes and levels that represented two flowering annuals ( Callibrachoa and Impatiens hawkeri ) and two flowering shrubs ( Buddleia davidii and Rosa Oso Easy Red) × four brands (two established national
1 To whom reprint requests should be sent. Current address: Olivicultura y Arboricultura Frutal, CIFA-Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba (Junta de Andalucia), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n Córdoba, 14080, Spain. E-mail address: raul.rosa@juntadeandalucia.es
Two distinct patterns of whole-plant transpiration were observed in potted roses using an acquisition network that integrated a Dansk Gartneri Teknik climate computer, Dynamax heat-balance sap-flow gauges, Fisher electronic-balance lysimeters, and Everest infrared leaf temperature sensors. One pattern consisted of a steady rate of transpiration in a stable greenhouse environment. The second pattern consisted of large oscillations in transpiration that were unrelated to any known microclimate rhythms. These oscillations had a sine-wave pattern with periods between 60-90 minutes and ranges between 3 and 37 g·hr-1 in natural light and 2 and 69 g·hr-1 in artificial light during the night. Leaf temperatures also oscillated, but were inversely related to the transpiration cycles. Oscillatory transpiration has not been reported in roses.
Oscillatory transpiration is an example of the phenomena that may now be investigated by integrating climate computers and sensors that monitor plant physiological processes. When plant responses to microclimate variables can be predicted and monitored in real time, the `speaking plant approach' can be used, in which plants directly control their greenhouse environment.
-González, J. Elorza-Martínez, P. Iglesias-Andreu, L. García-Rosas, B. Barredo-Pool, F.A. Santana-Buzzy, N. 2007 Regeneración in vitro de Laelia anceps ssp. dawsonii Revista Científica UDO Agrícola. 7
Abstract
Many inorganic chemicals that commonly occur in drinking water are known to reduce the life of certain cut flowers (Hitchcock and Zimmerman, 1929). One ion that is very toxic to many cut flowers is fluoride (Spierings, 1969; Tjia et al., 1987; Waters, 1968). Fluoride occurs naturally in some water sources and is often added to drinking water to reduce tooth decay in humans. According to the National Revised Primary Drinking Water Regulation, which went into effect on 2 Oct. 1987, the maximum contaminant level for F- was raised from 2.4 to 4 mg liter-1 (U.S. Government, 1986). More cases of F- injury to plants may be seen in localized regions with this regulation change.
Rose rosette disease (RRD) was first reported on the North American continent in the early 1940s. In 2011, the causal agent of this disease was identified and described—the Rose rosette virus (RRV). In the last 10 years, RRD has gained widespread notoriety because of disease symptoms appearing on many roses which are used frequently in landscape plantings, both commercial and residential. Much of the prior scientific work on this disease was carried out on the multiflora rose. Currently, the disease issues are on cultivated roses within which no cultivar has been confirmed to be resistant. There is an information gap in our knowledge of the pathogen, vector, and the disease on cultivated roses. Our goals for this project are to seek and identify potential disease tolerance or resistance in roses and increasing public awareness and knowledge of RRD with the purpose of reducing the disease spread with best management practices. Outreach and volunteer recruitment are key activities used to provide scientifically sound information, to establish the current disease range and to actively gather observational reports of RRD to identify resistant rose sources. Elements of these activities include educational meetings, factsheets, posters, and workshops where RRD symptoms recognition is emphasized. A web-based reporting tool was developed to capture observations from volunteers while continually keeping them engaged. It is hoped that through outreach and the collective monitoring effort, researchers will have access to information that contributes to a better understanding of RRD and will find disease-resistant roses that could be used in breeding programs for the continued enjoyment of roses.
Abstract
Until now, only one hybrid R. rugosa and R. chinesis has been described but it seems to have subsequently disappeared. This cross was carried out by Bruant of Poitiers before 1891 and one of the resulting seedlings was described by Andre as R. calocarpa (5).
Abstract
Production of hibiscus commonly includes chloromequat chloride application to induce shortened plant internodes and to darken green leaves (Wilkins and Kotecki, 1985), but its application has been reported to reduce flower size and flower number of some cultivars (Ball, 1985). Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of (E)-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-y1)-1-pentene-3-ol (uniconazole) for control of plant height, width, leaf distortion, and the number of breaks (vegetative shoots produced from lateral buds) per plant on hibiscus.
Genetic transformation of cut roses may greatly facilitate cultivar improvement programs by shortening the time required to introduce new genes into elite germplasm. The biolistic process offers a very promising method for the genetic transformation of roses.
The biolistic process uses high velocity mircoprojectiles (gold or tungsten) to carry foreign DNA into cells. This process has been shown to be useful for genetic transformation of many organisms. The first step in taking advantage of this process is to optimize the factors which affect transformation efficiency.
Several factors that have a significant affect on transformation efficiency were examined in an effort to optimize the biolistic process for gene transfer in roses. The factors examined were type of tissue (leaf segments, petioles, callus, etc), bombardment distance, the number of bombardments, DNA construct and microcarrier velocity.
The reporter gene, GUS, was used for determining transformation efficiency in this study. GUS was carried on several plasmid constructs which also contained antibiotic resistance (kanamycin or streptomycin. Efficiency of gene transfer was determined by calculating the number of transiently expressing GUS cells for each combination of factors.
Results of this study will be discussed and summarized.