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budget. Bars with a common letter are not significantly different according to chi-square test at the 10% significance level; IPM = integrated pest management, PA = pesticide application. Table 2. Frequency of written pest management plans on US
., 2001 ). To date, minimal information has been published regarding effects of mowing height on crabgrass cover in warm-season turfgrass species such as common bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L.) ( Callahan, 1978 ; Hoyle et al., 2014 ). Integrated pest
enhance fruit quality ( Lee et al., 2010 ). Grafting could potentially become an important part of integrated pest management in vegetable crops in the United States in the near future due to increased pathogen densities, reliance on pathogen susceptible
, and the resulting loss of labor efficiency when re-entry intervals into the treated area must be observed. To overcome the current challenges facing pest control in bedding plants, a more intensive integrated pest management (IPM) system needs to be
knowledge related to the interaction between CMBS and different species or cultivars of crapemyrtle to help the development of effective integrated pest management and plant breeding program in controlling this pest insect. Material and Methods
determine the usefulness of grafting as an economically sound integrated pest management tool for tomato production in the southeastern United States. Materials and Methods Grafting protocol. Grafted transplants were produced in greenhouse
resistance ( Sun et al., 2018 ) in combination with integrated pest management strategies as the most viable option ( Frantz et al., 2004 ). The breeding lines AVPP1932 and AVPP1925 were found to be field-tolerant to the predominant aphid-transmitted viruses
lettuce production. Greenhouse data suggest increased expression or effectiveness of partial resistance with plant growth. Partial resistance may, either alone or as a component of integrated pest management, delay or prevent emergence of resistance
1 Regional Advisor-Invasive Plants. 2 Area Integrated Pest Management Advisor, Univ. of California Statewide IPM Program. 3 Former Graduate Student. This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education and
Host-plant nutritional status may affect the incidence and development of western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande). Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the responses of WFT population levels on impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) when plants were fertilized with commercially practiced rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Impatiens `Dazzler Violet' were grown with nutrient treatment combinations of 2 N rates (8 and 20 mm) by 2 P rates (0.32 and 1.28 mm). Individual plants grown in thrips-proof cages were inoculated with WFT at 2 or 4 weeks after transplant, in separate experiments, representing vegetative or reproductive stages of plant growth, respectively. Plants were destructively sampled weekly for 4 weeks following inoculation. Plant tissue N and P concentrations were significantly different across treatments: 8 and 20 mm N resulted in 4.9% and 6.3% N in tissue, respectively; 0.32 and 1.28 mm P resulted in 0.37% and 0.77% P in tissue, respectively. Nitrogen rates had no effect on WFT population levels. However, 4 weeks after inoculation with adult female WFT during the vegetative growth stage, plants fertilized with 1.28 mm P had more adult WFT than those fertilized with 0.32 mm P. Feeding damage varied depending on whether plants were inoculated in the vegetative stage with adult WFT or during reproductive growth with immature WFT. Plant size and number of flowers were lower in plants inoculated during the vegetative growth stage with adult WFT but were not affected when inoculation with immature WFT occurred during the reproductive stage, as most WFT were found feeding inside the nectariferous spurs of the flowers. Tissue N was lower in WFT-inoculated plants compared to noninoculated plants in both experiments.