found in the Puyallup series. The site is level, receives full sun, and has no barriers to root penetration. It was cropped to field corn for several years before 2001. Organic amendments. Yard debris compost was received from a local commercial
quality based on USDA standards ( USDA, AMS, 1958 , 1989 , 1992 ). After the last harvest, plant debris was mowed. After 3 weeks, the debris was tilled under and soil samples from each fertilizer treatment and each crop were obtained as described
reduces solid waste production and the subsequent need for disposal. Alternative components include various composted materials ( Carlile, 2008 ; Corti et al., 1998 ) using feedstocks such as yard debris and pruning waste, animal manures, biosolids
on waterproof trays and scanned using a specialized Dual Scan optical scanner (Regent Instruments Inc., Quebec, Canada). The acquisition and image analysis software was WinRHIZO Pro (Version 2009c; Regent Instruments Inc.). Debris removal among
dpi; image size ≈18 MB), whereas analysis precision was set to “high.” The acquisition and image analysis software was WinRHIZO Pro (Version 2009c; Regent Instruments Inc.). Debris removal among scanned images was performed manually using the WinRhizo
miscounted cellular debris. Counts were not conducted on lateral flowers within a cluster as a result of the high numbers of flowers of that type containing degenerated ovules. Fig. 3. Methods used to assess the number of ovules in individual pomegranate
mulch is contaminated with soil and crop debris (up to 50% by weight) and not readily recyclable ( Kasirajan and Ngouajio, 2012 ). Residual PE mulch is left in the field [estimated 5% to 10% (L. Martin-Closas, personal communication)], where it
living mulch establishment. One month after living mulch seeding, strip-till zones were created in the center of each plot at a width of 9 inches using a rototiller (FG110; Honda, Torrance, CA). Strip-till zones were raked to remove debris and ensure a
cause of premature tree death in the southeastern United States ( Miller, 1994 ). The survival of A. tabescens on root debris in the soil frequently prevents the establishment of new orchards in previously infested sites and managing Armillaria is
dish with 400 μL of nuclei extraction buffer (CyStain ultraviolet Precise P Nuclei Extraction Buffer®; Partec, Münster, Germany). The solution was filtered through Partec CellTrics™ disposable filters with a pore size of 50 μm to remove tissue debris