were issues regarding certain pesticide mixtures. The two pesticides included in a majority of the two-way and three-way mixtures were spinosad and abamectin. Approximately 38% of the pesticide mixtures cited for control of the twospotted spider mite
high is 82 °F and the average low temperature is 78 °F (Winrock International, unpublished data). The production of ornamental plants and flowers could become an important sector of horticulture in Senegal, although there is very limited local knowledge
resistant to the blackcurrant gall mite ( Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw.). Gall mite (not found yet in the United States) is the most serious pest of blackcurrant, especially in Europe and New Zealand, devastating its flower and leaf buds and spreading the
et al., 1999 ). Near- and in-row cultivators include spider, finger, torsion, and spring hoe weeders. Spider weeders use pairs of ground-driven, rotating, metal-toothed wheels that straddle the crop row and push soil into the row, burying weeds, or
leaflet is longer than wide with an obtuse base and crenate margins. Inflorescences are produced on long peduncles and are positioned above the leaf canopy. Flower size is large and the calyx diameter is larger than the corolla. The corolla has five white
( Coffey et al., 2015 ; Simmons and Levi, 2002 )], twospotted spider mite [ Tetranychus urticae ( Cantu, 2014 )], powdery mildew [ Podosphaera xanthii race 2W ( Tetteh et al., 2010 )], or zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) ( Guner, 2004 ). In a recent
drought stress, especially when grown in containers ( Chyliński et al., 2007 ). In response to inadequate water availability, wilting and flower drop commonly limit the postharvest and landscape longevity of ornamental plants. Therefore, drought tolerance
produces perfect flowers that can self-pollinate, the degree to which self-pollination takes place is highly variable, likely as a result of heterostyly (in which styles have different lengths relative to stamens, reducing self-fertilization) and a degree
, 2006 ; Ren et al., 2008 ). However, EF is highly absorbed in products such as strawberries ( Fragaria × ananassa ), apples ( Malus × domestica ), and several types of cut flowers because of their high moisture content and because EF is highly soluble
( Cromwell et al., 2009 ). Insecticides and miticides were applied based on a standard organic management program in 2007. Materials were applied to the whole orchard using a Rears Pak-Blast 100 sprayer. Horticultural oil (JMS Stylet oil; JMS Flower Farms