et al., 2015 ). The use of Ca after the fruit has been harvested maintains cell turgor, membrane integrity, and tissue firmness, and delays membrane lipid catabolism, therefore extending storage life of fresh fruits ( Ahmed and Palta 2017 ; Atia et
that are more salt tolerant than SES2 and CJ1 should consider measuring different traits such as leaf color (yellow/brown), epinasty, and length of leafless stems (due to leaf loss) when K. pomifera is exposed to high salinity levels. Maintaining
grapevines from an ill-timed freeze at the very cold-sensitive postbudbreak stages of shoot development ( Warmund and Guinan, 2007 ). When such a freeze occurs after budbreak, it can result in crop losses and vine injury comparable to a severe midwinter
), but also with respect to its physiological and biochemical functions. Potassium is a mobile carrier of positive charges, a cofactor of enzymes, e.g., in protein synthesis and glycolysis, and an osmoticum for turgor movements ( Mohr and Schopfer, 1995
Water deficit is one of the main constraints affecting plant growth and crop yield in arid, semiarid, and even in humid areas, causing the fatal economic losses in agriculture ( Marulanda et al., 2009 ; Sandhya et al., 2010 ). Drought has been
deficit irrigation (DI) regimes. Impact of Biochar on Vegetable Physiology under DI Several physiological and morphological modifications occur in crop plants in response to drought stress. Loss of turgor due to moisture stress restricts cell elongation
/or the water (potential and turgor relationships) derived from the rainfall. Increased turgor caused by rapid uptake of water is the assumed mechanism for rain damage in many fruit species ( Opara et al., 1997 ). Although the energy of impacting raindrops
usually began with darkening on the fruit surface, followed by turgor loss and wrinkling a few days later. Darkening of the berries has also been reported in grapes and appears to be due to the degradation of surface crystalline wax ( Bondada and Keller
). The root volume increased proportionally with the increase in IBA doses ( Fig. 1B ). The maximum volume point was reached with the highest dose of IBA, with an increase of ≈38%, regardless of the cultivar. The increased root volume can enhance plant
Overhead mist revolutionized the propagation industry by providing reliable means to manage transpirational water losses by leafy stem cuttings. This system slows transpiration of cuttings primarily by decreasing leaf temperatures through