N plus the inorganic N (NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N) ( Campbell-Nelson, 2015 ). Table 1. The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), organic matter (OM), total C, organic N, nitrogen as ammonium (NH 4 -N), nitrogen as nitrate (NO 3 -N), phosphorus (P), and potassium
ground area/s and water as mmol H 2 O/m 2 ground area/s. Instantaneous WUE (μmol CO 2 /mmol H 2 O) was calculated as the ratio of net carbon uptake to water evapotranspired. Gas exchange data were collected on two occasions during the study during the
v /F m of 0.61, whereas F v /F m was 0.83 to 0.85 in the plants receiving N. Table 1. Comparisons of leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) contents, and maximal photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) ratios for P. armeniacum
the nutrient demand for the current season's growth and optimize nutrients for uptake that contributes to future growth and end-product quality. Nitrogen ratios. Cultivars evaluated had similar N ratios for certain nutrients when N was not limiting to
plant response, N immobilization potential (NDI), and C loss are described, not necessarily in chronological order. Table 1. Sequence of bioassays, nitrogen draw-down index (NDI), and carbon loss (C loss) experiments conducted to understand nitrogen (N
independently authored chapters, each addressing a major theme connecting plant growth to a primary environmental factor: temperature, CO 2 , water, nitrogen. As one would expect from diverse teams of authors, chapters vary in clarity of discussion and written
is associated with greater Pn than R or a Pn/R ratio greater than 1.0 when carbon assimilation rate exceeds carbon consumption rate. H and D caused severe decline in Pn, but enhanced R, leading to reduction in Pn/R ratio below 1.0 or carbon deficit
, 2009 ) and is a welcome new addition to the existing methods, especially for those researchers and educators who lack the abilities to measure chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange simultaneously or to measure real-time carbon isotope ratios using
. 2. Relationship of lesion area caused by Phytophthora ramorum to foliar nitrogen (N) concentration ( A ) and to foliar carbon (C):N ratio ( B ) for three Rhododendron cultivars. Data points represent mean values for each cultivar and applied N rate
carbon:nitrogen ratio of 15:1 applied underneath the tree canopy in a strip 1 m on each side of the tree at a minimum thickness of 15 to 20 cm. The mulch treatment required 115 round alfalfa bales/ha / year. Nitrogen delivered with each mulch application