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Abstract
A roundleaf mutant in ‘Bighart’ pimiento pepper readily classified in segregating F2 and backcross progenies, is determined by a recessive gene, rl. The rl gene reduces the length of the leaves but not the width, changing the length/width ratio from 1.50 to 1.24. The rl gene does not produce obvious pleiotropic deleterious effects on the plant and could prove useful as a marker gene in producing F1 hybrids or for characterizing new pepper cultivars.
Abstract
Fifty plant introduction lines of pepper were screened for resistance to curly top virus using the vector Circulifer tenellus Baker and a strain of virus known to be pathogenic on peppers Inoculations were done by caging either 3 or 15 viruliferous leafhoppers onto a leaf at the 4-true-leaf stage of growth. Four lines (PI 257053, PI 281297, PI 288938, and PI 357522) showed apparent resistance when inoculated by 3 leafhoppers, but non appeared resistant for more than a few days when inoculated by 15 leafhoppers. No correlation was found between leafhopper longevity on a plant and that plant’s resistance to the virus.
Abstract
The marketable yield of bell peppers grown on aluminum-painted polyethylene was significantly greater as compared to that obtained from diphenamid herbicide or hand-cultivated treatments for 2 years, and black polyethylene for 1 year. Two plants in a hill planted in 2 rows on a bed significantly increased yields over double rows of single plants or single rows of single plants on a bed. Average fruit weight was greater from plants planted in a single row.
Abstract
The effects of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic film tunnels (perforated, whole and double layer) on fruit set and yield of winter peppers were tested alone and in combination with soil mulches of black bitumen and black PE film. Whereas double4ayer cover induced more vigorous plant development, good fruit set on lower nodes, resulting in higher early yields of large fruit, was obtained only from plants covered throughout flowering by perforated plastic film. The addition of bitumen mulch resulted in higher total and early yield, while black PE mulch reduced the early yield, Factors inducing flower abscission when double-layer plastic is in use during flowering, as well as the differences between black bitumen and black PE mulch, are discussed.
Abstract
A stable, male-sterile, recessive mutant designated ms-2 has been isolated from ‘California Wonder’ pepper and appears useful for hybrid production of Bell pepper types.
Salt and water stress affect in a significant way most common horticultural crops in northwest Mexico, where bell pepper, hot pepper, and tomato are the most important vegetable crops. Growth rate (GR) and physiological traits in bell pepper were analyzed under salt and drought stress. Two cultivars of bell pepper, `Hungarian Yellow' (HY) and `Sta. Fe Grande' (SG), were evaluated. GR in both cultivars was decreased by salt and drought stress interaction. Salt concentration in the irrigation water affected the amount of dry matter in the plant tissue. Relative growth ratio (RGR), net assimilation ratio (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and photosynthesis rate (Pn) decreased in a correlated amount to the salt NaCl content in the experiment (0, 80, and 160 mm). Differences in the RGR under salt and drought stress between SG and HY were significant. The observed decrease in RGR was explained by NAR and LAR, where RGR was more affected by NAR than LAR. Similarly, the decrease in NAR was explained by C/F and Pn, indicating that NAR was more affected by Pn than C/F. The difference in observed NAR between both cultivars was understood by difference in C/F. Finally, a high relation of C/F in SG cultivar under salt and drought stress was caused by a physiological use of photosynthetic products, causing a significant decrease in NAR in the cultivar HY. This difference in NAR was found to be the factor that affected RGR in both cultivars.
Fruit water loss significantly affects the quality of bell peppers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fruit weight, size, and stage of ripeness on the rate of water loss and permeance to water vapor. Fruit surface area/weight ratio decreased logarithmically with increases in fruit size, with smaller fruit showing larger changes in the ratio than larger fruit. Mean water loss rate for individual fruit and permeance to water vapor declined with increases in fruit size and as fruit ripeness progressed. Fruit surface area/weight ratio and rate of water loss were both highest in immature fruit and showed no differences between mature green and red fruit. In mature fruit, permeance to water vapor for the skin and calyx were 29 μmol·m–2·s–1·kPa–1 and 398 μmol·m–2·s–1·kPa–1, respectively. About 26% of the water loss in mature fruit occurred through the calyx. There was a decline in firmness, water loss rate, and permeance to water vapor of the fruit with increasing fruit water loss during storage.
The production of `Jalapeño' hot pepper has been increased in the last 10 years in about 6.21% during the period between 1992-2003, with a growing rate of 72%. In Mexico, is an important produce, because it is considered part of the traditional Mexican diet as well as its high productive level. One of the most frequent problems in this crop is the low production of fresh fruits caused by an inadequate fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of four fertilization formulas on the yield of fresh fruit of hot pepper variety Jalapeño cultivar Grande under irrigation conditions The evaluated formulas were (N-P-K-S): 1) 58-51-35-12 (control); 2) 78-68-46-16; 3) 97-85-58-20; and 4) 117-102-69-24. Treatments were distributed under a completely randomized block design with four replications. The formula 117-102-69-24 showed the highest values in the plant height and number of fruits with 62.5 cm, and 48 fruits, respectively. This formula also showed the highest values on equatorial and longitudinal diameters, and fruit weight with 3.36 cm, 11.26 cm, and 33.66 g, respectively. The total yields per plant and per hectare was 1.54 kg; and 38.22 t was obtained with the formula 117-102-69-24. The formula with the higher units of each element showed the best performance and exhibited the highest yield of fresh hot pepper, it was more productive than the control treatment commonly used by the hot pepper growers in Colima.
Six varieties of Cupsicum annuum, L were selected for the study (Joe Parker, NuMex Sweet, NuMex R Naky, Tam VeraCruz, Sandia, and Conquistador). All seeds were primed in -.90 MPa NaCl, -1.35 MPa NaCl; -1.24 MPa CaCl2, -1.94 MPa CaCl2, -1.43 MPa K2HPO4, -2.09 MPa K2HPO4, and a nonprimed control at 23C in an incubator for 5 days. Seeds were dried for 2 days at 23C, then planted in soilless media under a 10/14 day/night cycle in incubators at either 23C or 15C. Emergence was counted daily for 21 days. Statistical analysis was performed on the rate of emergence and the maximum number of seeds emerged by day 21. There was a significant variety × treatment × temperature interaction when the rate of emergence was used as the variable. Priming improved the rate of emergence over the control among all varieties, treatments and temperatures, but the effect of seed priming on the maximum emergence varied from one variety to the other. Priming was more effective at 15C. The start of emergence averaged 3.5 days over the control at 23C and 7.3 days over the control at 15C. Seeds emerged an average of 7 days faster at 23C than at 15C. Sandia and Conquistador appear to be sensitive to priming treatments and temperature.
.C. 2002 Transplanted pepper ( Capsicum anuum ) tolerance to selected herbicides and method of application Journal of Vegetable Crop Production 8 27 39 Mailvaganam, S. 2006 Farm value and harvested area of vegetable crops