Proc. 7th Intl. Congr. Soilless Culture, ISOSC Wageningen, The Netherlands Allaire, S.E. Caron, J. Duchesne, I. Parent, L.-E. Rioux, J.-A. 1996 Air-filled porosity, gas relative diffusivity and
.M. Ownley, B.H. 1991 Relationship of matric water potential and air-filled porosity of container media to development of Phytophthora root rot of rhododendron Phytopathology 81 936 941 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-936 Bonanomi, G. Antignani
, indicative of their coarse texture and use as a component to increase air-filled porosity ( Bilderback et al., 2005 ; Verdonck et al., 1983). The mean separation of kurtosis followed a grouping trend similar to that of mass relative span. Coir and perlite
within the United States ( U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015 ). Soilless substrates were first introduced for container crop production to increase drainage by maintaining a relatively large proportion of air-filled porosity (AS) as compared with
improved water retention ( Table 1 ; Altland et al., 2018 ; Fields et al., 2014a) and air-filled porosity in the lower half of the container ( Fields et al., 2021 ) to help establishment ( Fig. 2A ). Whereas in CTL substrates, due to gravitational forces