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materials. Pepper cv. Yiduhong seeds (a commercial cultivar) were provided by the Capsicum research group, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, People’s Republic of China. Plant growth conditions. Healthy seeds were selected and treated with
sweetness and quality of berries ( Mikulic et al., 2015 ). Mean sugar-to-acid ratio of V. uliginosum in our populations was 0.99 to 2.09. The highest sugar-to-acid ratio was detected in bilberries from DFHI, whereas the lowest was detected in fruit from
of the Japanese cultivar Yamato-cream [PI 279261 (normal seed type)] and an egusi type from Nigeria (PI 560023) used previously ( Meru and McGregor, 2013 ; Prothro et al., 2012 ) to map loci controlling the egusi seed trait, SOP, and KP in watermelon
L), a standard pectinase mash enzyme for acidic apples ( Malus × domestica ) and berries; Rohapect ® VR-C (30 g/1000 L), a red wine mash enzyme containing pectolytic, proteolytic, and cellulytic activities for ultra, osmosis filtration, and
were thinned daily. On the second day after emasculation, from 1030 to 1200 HR, pollination was facilitated by sweeping a small brush containing the pollen from ‘Gardenblue’ onto the stigma until the pollen was visible, and the pollinated flowers were
Abstract
Eleven species in sections Cyanococcus and Polycodium of the genus Vaccinium were compared among themselves and with standard cultivars for soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/acid ratio, weight/berry (g), stem scar diameter (pedicel diameter at the berry), scar depth, fruit removal force (picking ease), and firmness. Vaccinium ashei Reade populations collected in either Florida or Georgia showed consistent differences in acidity, fruit size, and firmness. No such pattern in geographical differences occurred with V. corymbosum L. Vaccinium stamineum L. (section Polycodium) was outstanding for high soluble solids, large fruit size, small scar diameter, and firmness. Vaccinium elliottii Chapm. seemed promising for mechanical harvesting and processing with high-acid fruit, a favorable soluble solids/acid balance, small scar diameter, and easily harvested fruit. Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. was noted for high soluble solids, small shallow scar, and picking ease; V. pallidum Ait. for high soluble solids and small shallow scar; V. amoenum Ait. for small shallow scar and picking ease; and tetraploid V. corymbosum for high acidity and favorable soluble solids/acid balance. Sufficient variability occurred among and within species for selection for improvement of most traits; however, several generations of backcrossing or recurrent selection would be required for producing genotypes with commercial fruit size.
Abstract
A pink (whitish)-fruited blueberry seedling that appeared in a hybrid highbush blueberry progeny in North Carolina is described. The major anthocyanins (Acy) detected in this seedling were arabinosides and galactosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The pink seedling had the same 15 possible combinations of 5 aglycones and 3 sugars previously reported for the normally blue-fruited cv. Croatan, but in smaller quantities. Total Acy contents of the pink seedling and 9 siblings ranged from 2.5 (pink fruit) to 49 (blue fruit) mg/10-g fruit. Acy content among the different clones was independent of berry pH, acidity (Ac), soluble solids (SS), or SS/Ac ratio. One hundred and seventy-five seedlings in this same progeny were scored for maximum berry color development. The results suggest that Acy expression is dependent on 1 or 2 major genes and that Acy content may be quantitatively inherited. For cultivars whose fruits are normally blue, the commercial use of blue fruit color as the major criterion of marketability (ripeness) may not be valid since color development is not necessarily related to berry ripeness and quality.
of smaller clusters, unbranched tendrils, and berries with thick skins and a unique fruity aroma ( Basiouny and Himelrick, 2001 ). In addition, the Muscadinia species have 40 chromosomes (2 x = 2 n = 40), whereas Euvitis have 38 (2 x = 2 n
cultivar that does not have Scuppernong in its pedigree is Noble, a black juice cultivar with a small berry. Fig. 1. Pedigree of ‘Higgins’ muscadine ( Vitis rotundifolia var. rotundifolia ) showing three of the most common open pollination founders
-derived traits were significant to this prediction. However, this work evaluated only red-skinned V. vinifera cultivars grown using common production practices. In segregating breeding populations, field space is often limited and variations in berry and