additionally be of critical importance to this final aim. Indeed, 100% mortality has been reported in mango when in vitro-recovered plants derive from precociously germinated immature embryos ( Sahijram et al., 2005 , 2009 ). The present study shows that
and easy-to-propagate bromeliad species, was used. Seeds of A. nudicaulis were germinated in vitro on MS medium ( Murashige and Skoog, 1962 ) with the concentration of macronutrients reduced to one-fourth. When seedlings reached ≈1 cm in height, they
seeds germinated on the walls of the vessel where nutrient liquid remained and seeds germinated faster than those on a solid medium. Given that in vitro liquid culture has been used successfully to cultivate a number of important nonorchids such as
weeks to fresh medium. Shoot induction. Three-month-old M. mathildae seedlings (15 mm) germinated in vitro were used as the source of explants for shoot induction experiments. Three explant types were tested: apical (5 mm), lateral
the same basal medium solidified with phytagel for germination of somatic embryos. Mata-Rosas et al. (2001) obtained a large number of adventitious shoots from longitudinal sections of in vitro germinated seedlings of Turbinicarpus laui , cultured
et al., 2018 ), Abelmoschus esculentus L. ( Irshad et al., 2018 ). Some advancements in embryo culture of peony have been made recently. Rapid seedling formation within 40 d was reported by in vitro germination of mature embryos (90 DAA) of P
) found that in vitro tetrad germination in highbush blueberry differed across cultivars, ranging from 5.5% to 70.6%. Brewer and Dobson (1969) reported greater rates of germination in ‘Rubel’ (45%) compared with ‘Jersey’ (23%). Lang and Parrie (1992
treatments to enable the cryostorage of orchid pollen ( Ajeeshkumar and Decruse, 2013 ; Pritchard and Prendergast, 1989 ; Vendrame et al., 2008 ), and most studies have been concerned with pollen storage in LN followed by rewarming and in vitro germination
Inc., Burlingame, CA), and the images were captured digitally by a charge-coupled device camera attached to an epifluorescence microscope (Axioskop 2; Carl Zeiss AG). In vitro pollen germination. At the time of anthesis, pollinia were collected from
cytokinin on multiple shoot induction from nodal segments. After 4 weeks on MS/4 medium, roots were removed from in vitro germinated plantlets and one 1-cm long nodal segment was cultured vertically into shoot induction medium in culture tubes (25 × 150 mm