reported here. Fig. 1. Flowers of ‘Mimi’ sweet pea. Origin ‘Mimi’ was derived from a cross between ‘Stella’ (female), a spring flowering type with cream flower color, and ‘Early Salmon Pink’ (male), a winter flowering type with a strong
flowers and seed coats. The pattern gene T is required to express totally colored seed coats with no effect on flower color, whereas t expresses white flower and is required to express seed coats with partly colored patterns (colored vs. white). The
/phenolics/ascorbic acid system in antioxidant defense and make the flower more vulnerable to oxidative stress ( Takahama and Oniki, 1997 ). Plant tissue color is easily obtained with a portable colorimeter and several studies showed that there is a strong correlation
10 µL of nectar held at the base of the flower ( Wester and Claßen-Bockhoff, 2011 ). The inflorescence appears in panicles with bilabiate corollas and continually blooms throughout the season. Although the flowers are typically red, petal color can
, and autumn were from 1 to 10 Apr., from 3 to 9 Aug., and from 2 to 6 Nov. respectively. Young leaf color, mature leaf color, underside color of young leaf, leaf shape, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length-to-width ratio, flower number, flower color
from flower initiation to visible bud or anthesis with a NL of 15 h and natural NLs beginning on 17 Sept. or 6 Oct. (lat. 29°40′N). Previous studies of poinsettia flower development have not evaluated bract color development beyond recording the date
of flowers resulted in senescence of their ray florets and overestimation of flower numbers. This was problematic because more mature crops have a higher risk of lodging and the change in color with maturity from yellow to brown make the settings of
life Expt. 1, flower color was evaluated at day 0 (fresh flowers, no packaging) and after 7 d at 10 °C with active MAP. At day 7, flowers were removed from their packaging before measurements were taken. The a* and b* values of the tridimensional color
; Paech, 1955 ; Zhao et al., 2016 ). There are three main classes of pigments that contribute to flower color: flavonoids, carotenoids, and betalains ( Griesbach, 2005 ). Anthocyanins are flavonoids that produce orange to blue–violet colors in flowers
flower color of each generation was also investigated during the blooming stage. Characteristic measuring standard. PH represented the vertical distance from the soil level to the peak of the top leaf. SH was measured from the soil level to the top part