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depth, crop residue, soil air permeability, soil aggregation, and seed carbohydrate reserves resulting from seed size can influence weed emergence ( Benvenuti, 2003 ; Chauhan and Johnson, 2008 ). Soil texture and seed burial depth reportedly influence

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crop residues Proc. FAO document repository Zewdie, Y. Bosland, P.W. 2000 Evaluation of genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction for capsaicinoids in Capsicum annuum L Euphytica 111 185 190

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-Kristensen (2005) assessed the suitability of miscanthus clippings for use as a container substrate by measuring various physical properties of this material and other composted crop residues. Their ( Dresboll and Thorup-Kristensen, 2005 ) research did not include

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fragmented into shorter chains or more oxidized components. Previous studies have demonstrated that crop residues from rice fields or composted rice hulls contain numerous secondary metabolites (see review by Rimando and Duke, 2003 ). The PBH used in this

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( Ngouajio and Mennan, 2005 ) and the composition of weed flora in citrus groves ( Wright et al., 2003 ). Cover crop residues may also alter soil microbial ecology or increase microbial diversity, resulting in enhanced weed seed predation by soil

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-cropped for several years before the study. Field preparation included disc harrowing and ring rolling (i.e., cultipacking) as needed to incorporate previous cover crop residue and break up large clods. A global positioning system-guided tractor with lister

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). Mulching with straw or cover crop residues increases soil moisture and reduces weed growth, but it is usually less effective than black plastic mulch film for weed management ( Anzalone et al., 2010 ). The volume of organic mulch required for effective weed

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vegetables: II. Cover crop nitrogen accumulation Agron. J. 104 799 806 Brennan, E.B. Boyd, N.S. Smith, R.F. 2013 Winter cover crop seeding rate and variety affects during eight years of organic vegetables: III. Cover crop residue quality and nitrogen

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weathered and mineralized soils, which tend to be eroded and have low residual organic matter contents ( Brye et al., 2013 ). Returning crop residues or other plant matter to the soil, thereby increasing soil C, directly impacts SOM, humus content, and the

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be converted to biochar, but the most preferable forms in terms of logistics and costs include forest thinnings, crop residues (e.g., corn stover, straw, grain husks), yard waste, clean urban wood waste (e.g., roadside clearing, pallets, sorted

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