tissue of the canopy ( Cook, 1966 ). The use of leaf blades as opposed to petioles for routine monitoring of nutrient status of grapevines is also supported by practical experience diagnosing magnesium (Mg) deficiency in vineyards in the Willamette Valley
light is also reduced by 30% to 75% ( Aberkani et al., 2010 ; Al-Arifi, 2006 ). The reduced radiation results in lower photosynthesis ( Taiz and Zeiger, 1991 ), water use ( Nobel, 1991 ), nutrient demand ( Adams, 1980 ; Chapin et al., 1995 ), fewer or
hydroponic cultivation was not limited by the omission of S. These authors attributed the uptake of S before transplanting to the nutrient solution, and particularly to the variety used, which showed low susceptibility to sulfur deficiency, possibly due to
calcium (Ca) deficiency ( Lee et al. 2013 ). Characterized by symptoms including marginal necrosis and curling of the inner, younger leaves, tipburn negatively affects lettuce quality, marketability, and profitability. The symptoms occur mainly because of
% to 40% compost (yard waste or yard waste plus swine manure) could not be sustained for more than 1 month before nutrient deficiencies became visible. However, when the compost rate was increased to 50%, organic yields were similar to those of tomatoes
second fruit abscission stage, which is called the physiological fruit-falling period (August–September), is hypothesized to result from a shortage of carbohydrates and nutrients. The third stage occurs before fruit maturation and is caused by a high
of the narrow threshold between B deficiency and toxicity ( Yua and Ryan, 2008 ). Boron improves enzymes activity, promotes phytohormones and nucleic acids, activates nutrient uptake and mitigates plant tolerance to salinity, increases carbohydrates
measured for all plants at 4, 7, and 10 weeks after transplanting (WAT) using the pour-through method ( Wright, 1986 ). Petunia flowers and zonal geranium inflorescences were counted by removing fully opened flowers weekly. Visual nutrient deficiency
degradation and suppressed protein synthesis under P-limiting conditions ( Ganie et al., 2015 ). Moreover, it was evidenced that organic acids acted as crucial roles in the plant adaptation to nutrient deficiency ( Wang and Shen, 2006 ), which explains the
localized cellular calcium deficiencies ( de Freitas and Mitcham, 2012 ; Pavicic et al., 2004 ). Calcium plays a structural role in the cell, and when calcium concentrations are low in the cell wall, cell permeability increases. Cell permeability