are being implemented throughout the United States. Fertilizing containerized nursery crops via CRF in complete or partial substitution for soluble granular or aqueous forms is a best management practice (BMP; Bilderback et al., 2013 ) and has been
levels of compost or organic matter ( Moran, 2004 ; Rowe et al., 2006 ), thin vs. thick substrate layers ( Monterusso et al., 2004 ), young vs. old green roofs ( Van Seters et al., 2009 ), or conventional vs. CRF applications ( Emilsson et al., 2007
demonstrated that leaching of fertilizer nutrients can be reduced by using CRFs in place of water-soluble, solution fertilizers ( Yeager et al., 1993 ). The soy-based biopolymer fertilizers, fertilizer spikes, and fertilizing biocontainers evaluated in this
commonly used in Virginia that were identified by stakeholders: VZs, irrigation management, and CRFs. We conducted a literature search to identify BMP-supporting scientific literature. Refereed journal articles chosen for inclusion in our analysis were
exhausted. Shoots of plants were less than ≈10 cm tall before the initiation of fertilizer treatments. On 27 Apr. 2017, fertilizer treatments were assigned by top-dressing Osmocote Pro 17–5–11 4-month CRF (Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, Marysville, OH) at rates
rate ( Table 2 ). The highest rate of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) resulted in a 55% and 218% increase in root and shoot N concentration, respectively, compared with the nonfertilized control. Lack of a significant increase in seedling height
5.9 oz/ft 3 of CRF, and irrigating plants every 2 d. However, future research needs to be conducted on how management in the greenhouse relates to seed and oil yields in the field. Literature cited Basha, S.D. Sujatha, M. 2007 Inter and intra
yields were obtained by fertigation (FG) with lower N application rates compared with DGF and controlled-release fertilizers (CRF). Leaf N values were higher per unit of applied N in the FG plots, indicating more efficient uptake. The authors concluded FG
provided ≈300 mg per 3.8-L container plant-available N over 8 weeks. This is less than 10% N that would be commonly applied (3–5 g N/3.8-L container) as a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Based on these results, VC will not provide sufficient N
, 1984 ; Paradelo et al., 2017 ; Yeager and Wright, 1982 ). The best management practice ( Bilderback et al., 2013a ) of using polymer- or resin-coated controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) is, in part, used to reduce P leaching and runoff relative to