elevated CO 2 ( Sage, 1994 ). Briefly, Rubisco capacity ( V cmax ), maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ), and A elev / A ambi (the ratio of A of elevated [CO 2 ] grown leaves over A of ambient [CO 2 ] grown leaves) at multiple C i values
tetraploid induction in our study, can be considered a measure of the quantum efficiency of the electron transport in photosystem II. Negative correlation between photosynthetic rate and ploidy was observed in other works ( Knight et al., 2005 ; Wullschleger
. Decreases in efficiency of PSII often are thought to be caused by an applied stress that has damaged the photosynthetic apparatus. This results in reduced efficiency of light transfer in photosynthetic electron transport ( Maxwell and Johnson, 2000
necessary to protect themselves from the depletion of the substrate caused by bentazon-inhibited photosynthesis. Melatonin safener. Bentazon competes with plastoquinone for the binding site on the D1 protein, thus blocking electron transport from photosystem
tomato leaves, but activation of electron transport chain on the PSI side ( Zushi et al. 2012 ). In addition, low temperature inhibited the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and reduced the accumulation of dry matter, and ultimately
biosynthesis. These studies directly implicate electron transport in the desaturation of phytoene to form lycopene. Potassium has a known role in ATP synthesis, proton uptake, and electron flow in the thylakoid membranes of plastids, which are the site of
), indicating damage to the PSII reaction center complex. F v /F m represents electron transport efficiency and photochemical efficiency in the PSII reaction center. Layne and Flore (1995) reported that continuous lighting significantly reduced F v and F v
). The yellow vine leaves were associated with 11% ± 5% and 14% ± 5% increase in Chl a /Chl b ratio after shading, respectively. The electron transport efficiency in PSII and the size of the quinone pool are increased. In addition, the overall
[dissipation of excitons via passage away from photosystem II (PSII) through the photosynthetic electron transport chain] and nonphotochemical (dissipation of excitons by conversion to heat) mechanisms. Chlorophyll fluorescence and quenching measurements allow
(2003) and Kim et al. (2007) . A total of eight parameters were calibrated for garlic leaves: Rubisco capacity at 25 °C ( V cm25 ), maximum electron transport rate at 25 °C ( J m25 ), rate of triose phosphate utilization at 25 °C ( P u25 ), dark