shaken to remove any soil particles or other debris, then placed in paper bags in a forced-air oven maintained at 65 °C. Roots were washed over aluminum screening [mesh size 18 × 16, aperture 0.0445 × 0.0515 inch (Insect Screen; ADFORS Saint-Gobain, Grand
and rapid method of saw sterilization. We suggest brushing debris from the saw teeth before flaming and to flame until any remaining debris turns to ash, a process that takes only a few seconds. The time necessary to sanitize saw blades can therefore
vertically mowed to remove excess organic debris (thatch) from the soil-turfgrass interface on 21 Feb. 2008. All plots received two passes with a vertical mower (model 1321; AeroKing, Jacobsen, Charlotte, NC) set to a 1/2-inch depth. Debris brought to the
infected tomato debris and other solanaceous weed hosts such as horsenettle between crops ( Jones et al., 1991 ). Tomato plants become infected during the production season when infested soil-carrying inoculum (spores) is splashed onto lower leaves during
the vine by a shaker system and gathered on another belt. Small dirt clods and debris mostly sifts through these series of belted chains. Electronic color sorters then remove dirt clods and green fruit leaving red fruit that are eventually transported
.; Decorative Bark, Lyons, OR) and yard debris compost (Rexius, Inc., Eugene, OR) mulch were applied on 12 Oct. 2006. Beds mulched with sawdust were covered 9 cm deep (360 m 3 ·ha −1 ) whereas those mulched with compost + sawdust were covered with 4 cm of
pathogenic microorganisms ( Ballinger and Nesbitt, 1982 ; Kou et al., 2007 ) and therefore encourage decay. They also enable juice to leak from the berries, which makes them sticky so that sand and other debris adhere to the berries, becoming embedded in the
Szmidt, 2001 ). Burkhard et al. (2009) found greater growth and yield of highbush blueberry when using seafood compost and manure–sawdust compost. Municipal yard debris compost is readily available in many production regions and may be suitable for
The oomycetous pathogen, Phytophthora capsici Leonian, infects a wide range of plant taxa involving more than 49 species ( Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996 ). Oospores, the sexual stage of P. capsici , can survive in the soil, in crop debris, and in
). The suspension was filtered through a 50-μm nylon mesh screen to remove plant debris. Nuclei were stained using 1.6 mL staining buffer containing 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CyStain ultraviolet Precise P; Partec). Stained nuclei were analyzed with