. fistulosum –8A disomic additions ( Shigyo et al., 2003 ). In the present study, we attempted to breed for increased vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content in A. fistulosum via the chromosome doubling of an ascorbic acid-rich A. fistulosum –shallot monosomic
cultivar Beijingjietou (recurrent backcross parent; 2n = 2x = 14) mating ( Chen et al., 2003 ). C. hystivus originated through the chromosome doubling of an infertile F 1 ( C. hystrix × C. sativus ; 2n = 2x = 19) individual to produce a fertile
( Uchneat, 2007 ). Impatiens walleriana is a diploid with 2 n = 2 x = 16, whereas New Guinea impatiens is a diploid with 2 n = 2 x = 32 ( Arisumi, 1973a ) or 48 ( Jones and Smith, 1966 ). Chromosome doubling is a powerful ploidy manipulation tool for
the cultivar. Chromosome doubling studies Seed treatment with colchicine. Seeds were pretreated by soaking in an aqueous solution of 0.1% (v/v) Triton ® X-100 (Integra Chemical, Renton, WA) for 24 h on a rotary shaker (model G-33; New
, developing polypoids through traditional in vivo means is inexpensive. In contrast, in vitro chromosome doubling—also commonly using colchicine and oryzalin—is labor-intensive and requires more technical expertise and equipment, which makes it more costly
was found to be 2n =8x = 80 ( Fig. 2 ). The mechanism (i.e., somatic chromosome doubling or the fertilization of unreduced gametes) of polyploidization of Empire11 is unknown but dinitroaniline herbicides are commonly used as a pre-emergent herbicide
with the ploidy level, which was determined by flow cytometry. Lines homozygous for the molecular markers might be spontaneous diploids, but haploids must be identified before chromosome doubling. Lines heterozygous for any of the markers used
µm. Morphological characteristics. Variations in the morphological characteristics of leaves and flowers were observed between diploid and tetraploid plants grown under the same conditions. Significant changes associated with chromosome doubling were
. 2002 Chromosome doubling of pear haploid plants and homozygosity assessment using isozyme and microsatellite markers Euphytica 123 255 262 10.1023/A:1014998019674 Eimert, K. Reutter, G. Strolka, B. 2003
somatic chromosome doubling bears similarity to inbreeding, while polyploidization via unreduced gametes can retain heterozygosity. Thus, the two polyploidization processes can have significant differences in terms of genetic and evolutionary consequences