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Experiments were performed over 3 years to examine the effect that particle film (PF) treatment had on fruit quality of several apple (Malus ×domestica) cultivars in Washington and West Virginia. In the first study, a highly reflective, white, hydrophilic particle-based kaolin mineral (Surround WP) was applied to `Empire' apple in May and June, on a season-long basis, or not at all. Red fruit color was increased by both the PF treatments compared with no treatment in all years. In a second study, the PF material was applied, starting at petal fall, every week for 6 weeks and then every 2 weeks until harvest to `Empire', `Gala', and `Fuji' trees in West Virginia and to `Cameo', `Fuji', and `Gala' trees in Washington. In the latter study, cultivar response to season-long applications varied by year and location. `Empire' consistently had improved red color with season-long applications of PF materials. `Gala' had greater fruit weight and red color with PF application in 1 of 2 years in West Virginia but not in Washington. `Fuji' had greater fruit weight and soluble solids content and `Cameo' had greater soluble solids, higher starch indices, and greater red color in Washington with the PF application. In these studies, application of a PF never reduced the surface red color in apples. A taste panel did not identify quality differences in `Empire' apples treated with PF vs. the control. Cultivar responses to PF applications were variable due to location and yearly environmental characteristics. While particle film technology has value for insect control and reducing sunburn, it has limited value to enhance fruit color due to the inconsistent response.
apple ( Malus sylvestris var. domestica ), in which attenuance of peak maxima, time delay of peak maxima, and variation of full width at half maximum of the time-resolved profile were used as explanatory variables for multiple linear regression
Apples ( Malus × sylvestris var. domestica ) are an important source of polyphenols (phenolic compounds) in the human diet ( Hertog et al., 1992 ) and a classic example of fruit susceptibility to enzymatic browning, which is a major problem for
costs if fewer materials are needed in storage. Here, we focus specifically on firm flesh browning of the ‘Empire’ apple ( Malus sylvestris var. domestica Borkh.), which is a major cause of revenue loss for growers and storage operators in New York
possible. The efficacy of 1-MCP in delaying fruit softening of ‘Redchief Delicious’ apples ( Malus sylvestris var. domestica ) increased with a greater application frequency (once every week, every 2 weeks, 1 month, or 1 year) when the fruit was stored at
et al. (1998) who, in the absence of a well-structured formal crossing design, used pedigree information to estimate genetic parameters from large unbalanced data sets in apple ( Malus × sylvestris var. domestica ) comprising 213 families, Silva
fruits include apple [ Malus sylvestris var. domestica ( Honda et al., 2002 )], grape [ Vitis vinifera ( Ortega-Regules et al., 2006 )], and pomegranate [ Punica granatum ( Zhao et al., 2015 )]. Previous studies on the fruit of Koelreuteria plants
Mg, Zn, and Mn ( Barber, 1995 ). For efficient uptake of plant nutrients, fertilizers should generally be placed as close to the plant roots as possible. Research on apple ( Malus × sylvestris var. domestica ), grapefruit ( Citrus × paradisi on