, compost mulch, black polyethylene mulch, and shredded leaf mulch. The compost was produced from a mixture of feedstocks (animal manure, wood chips, leaves, fish scraps, shellfish waste, seaweed, spent mushroom substrate, food scraps, coffee grounds, and
collard yield lower than or equivalent to bare soil, and collard tissue nitrogen (N) concentration lower than under bare soil, black plastic, or wood chip mulch ( Guertal and Edwards, 1996 ). Chopped newspaper (5 × 5 cm squares applied at a 7.6-cm
if gas exchange and growth are altered when organic mulch is placed on soil surrounding established trees. Watson (1988) reports root growth of several established tree species that had been surrounded by organic mulch (wood chips placed on soil 20
frequency when evaluating both mulch types with or without the addition of herbicide overall. Froment et al. (2000) reported that chopped straw and wood chips applied at depths of 5 or 10 cm (2.0 or 3.9 inches) provided better weed control [specifically of
component would also have been expected ( Horwath, 2007 ). Differences in physical and chemical compositions may have also affected the rate of groundcover management mulch decomposition. Compared with wood chips, the composting process had already decreased
) under a 2-inch layer of wood chips and composted leaves. Hensley (1990) found that 3 inches of hardwood bark mulch increased height and stem diameter of southern magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora ). However, effects of mulching are dependent on plant
a source of fuel, charcoal, wood-based building materials, mulch, soil amendment, and as a container-grown plant substrate ( Harkin and Rowe, 1971 ). Competition for PB coupled with a decrease in collection of residual PB has led to a steady decline
materials such as composted manures are usually applied as soil amendments with the primary intention of improving soil organic matter, nutrient status, and biological activity. Coarser materials such as wood processing wastes (wood chips, bark chips
, B. Warren, C. 2008 Southern red cedar and southern magnolia wood chip mulches for weed suppression in containerized woody ornamentals HortTechnology 18 266 270 https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.18.2.266 Judge, C.A. Neal, J.C. Weber, J
Program, 2014 ). Weed control is often achieved or enhanced with applications of organic mulches (cereal straw, green waste, or composted wood chips) or synthetic mulches (polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester) around the base of trees ( UC Statewide