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application of soybean meal at 111 Kg·ha −1 N. Ten centimeter high, 120-cm wide raised bed plasticulture with 1.8-m row spacing was used. Reflective plastic mulch was used to minimize tomato spotted wilt incidence. Plant training methods included standard
. Changing the reflective mulches to reflect more red and far-red light affects growth of sweet pepper ( El-Desouky et al., 2005 ) and changes the specific accumulation of volatile compounds ( Loughrin and Kasperbauer, 2001 , 2003 ). Increased production of
and covered with a white-on-black polyethylene plastic mulch film. Two drip tapes with emitters spaced 30 cm apart and a flow rate per emitter of 0.91 L·h –1 (Netafim, USA, Fresco, CA) were installed at 2-cm depth in each bed. Preplant fertilizers
parameters in the cultures. Blue light will result in a thicker cuticle if it is reflective. These wavelength bands alter the proportions of esters and leaf wax alcohols in the leaves of pepper ( Kasperbauer and Wilkinson, 1995 ). Biomass evaluation. Table 4
possible while minimizing nutrient waste and loss. Materials and Methods 2005 study. On 17 Aug. 2005, japanese holly liners (10-cm tall in 64-cm 3 containers) were potted in 2.8-L plastic containers [17 cm (h) × 17 cm (d)] containing either
Instrument Co., Albany, OR). The measurements were made at midday (1330–1530 hr ) on mature, shaded leaves that were enclosed for at least 1 h inside dark plastic bags laminated with a reflective aluminum foil. A preliminary study indicated that water
integrating sphere (Model LI-1800-12S; LI-COR). The soil under the screenhouses and in the open field was completely covered by black polypropylene mulch. Plant material. Sweet pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L., cv. Dolmi) were transplanted in the three
suggested by Handreck (1992a) . On 8 May 2006, 12 cm tall × 15 cm square (1.7-L) plastic containers were filled with the three substrates and placed on raised benches in the Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA) Greenhouse Facility (glass-covered) with average day
of weed species present in the field were measured periodically. Weeds in the strawberry planting hole, the only area not covered with mulch film, were collected during repeated hand-weeding events that took place at monthly to bimonthly intervals
intermediate resistance to powdery mildew. In the 2007 study, squash was planted in two seasons. The first planting was seeded into raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation on 30 Apr., and the second planting on 27 July. Harvests began on 11