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apple has a rich historical background that has extended over a period of ∼60 years. The pioneering studies conducted by Elliott (1972) and Walkey (1972) marked the first instances of in vitro apple seedling production. Since then, numerous rootstock
determine germination and A. rabiei infection levels. The agar plate method is a recommended seed health testing method for chickpea ( Mathur and Kongsdal, 2003 ). Seeds were surface disinfested by soaking in a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution for
suppress certain soilborne plant pathogens. Hyder et al. (p. 96) investigated the ability of coir to suppress pathogens in vitro. Agar amended with unsterilized coir or coir suspension strongly suppressed growth of Fusarium solani and Phytophthora
us from having enough seeds to conduct appropriate germination studies as performed in previous landscape evaluations of japanese silver grass ( Miscanthus sinensis ) ( Wilson and Knox, 2006 ) and butterfly bush ( Buddleja spp.) ( Wilson et al., 2004
on species), with nongerminated seeds TZ stained to determine total viability. In addition to determining plant performance and seed germination, ploidy levels were inferred using flow cytometry to determine nuclear DNA content as described by Deng
pathogen, reducing the sporulation, growth and germination ( Sawant and Sawant, 2008 ). Similarly, Palmer et al. (1997) observed that the anion of bicarbonate primarily decreased the colony growth of Botrytis cinerea spores in an in vitro study. Other
suppresses fibrosarcoma metastasis in humans ( Ko et al., 2018 ). Furanocoumarins are also known to influence bone health. Bergapten has antiosteoporosis activity demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments ( Hung et al., 2017 ). Drug
aster . J Am Soc Hortic Sci . 133 ( 4 ): 569 – 578 . https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.4.569 . Beaulieu JC , Pesis E , Saltveit ME . 1998 . AA or basic pH causes in vitro and nonenzymatic cleavage of ACC to ethylene . J Am Soc Hortic Sci
. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes in vitro ( Gang et al. 2015 ; Leroux 1996 ). Benzovindiflupyr fungicide (of the SDHI group) has been registered for the management of bitter rot of apples in the midwestern states of the United States
population of ≈10 8 cfu/mL. The resulting solution was used to inoculate irrigation water in the following experiment. Lettuce growing conditions, inoculation, and saponin solution . Under ambient greenhouse light, foam hydroponic seed germination media (276