Abstract
Cleome hasslerana Chod., a cross-pollinated species, has 5 corolla colors: violet, lilac, red, pink, and white. F1 and F2 progenies produced from crosses among the cultivars Helen Campbell Snow Crown, Cherry Queen, Pink Queen, and Violet Queen indicate that 3 loci with 2 alleles per locus control flower color. The allele W, for colored corolla, is dominant to w, for white corolla; R, for violet color, is dominant to r for red; and I, for dilute flower color, is dominant to i, determining intense flower color.
. Bonin for similar services at Woflskill Experimental Orchard. This research used materials generated as part of a pistachio genetics and improvement program with cooperators D.E. Parfitt, C.T. Chao, L. Ferguson, C. Kallsen, and J. Maranto. The cost of
extended shelf life that reduce postharvest losses could increase production efficiency by reducing the frequency of product replacement in the marketplace. This is often difficult to achieve because there are few reports on the genetics of postharvest
.R. Michelmore, R.W. 1988 The genetics of corky root resistance in lettuce Phytopathology 78 1145 1150 Gurung, S. Short, D.P.G. Atallah, Z.K. Subbarao, K.V. 2014 Clonal expansion of Verticillium dahliae in lettuce Phytopathology 104 641 649 Hayes, R.J. Vallad
to lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) genotyping Euphytica 144 225 235 10.1007/s10681-005-6431-1 Jørgensen, J.H. 1994 Genetics of powdery mildew resistance in barley Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 13 97 119 10.1080/07352689409701910 Kloos, W.E. George, C.G. Sorge
A teaching module was developed for computer-aided instruction of mutation theory. The Hypercard-driven, Macintosh compatible module illustrates the concepts of: 1) Changes in allele frequency with mutation pressure; 2) Number of alleles maintained in populations, and; 3) The Neutrality Hypothesis. The concepts are integrated in an application by using a game format.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutation pressure results in changes in allele frequency. Concept 1 illustrates the theoretical changes in allele frequency under pressure of reversible mutation. Mutation equilibrium is depicted as P=V/u+v; where v=mutation rates of allele A and u of allele a. The Infinite-Alleles Model of mutation is illustrated in Concept 2 and specifies characteristics of new mutations by F=1/4Nu+1, where F=fixation index and N=number in population. Concept 3 demonstrates the hypothesis that polymorphisms result from selectively neutral alleles maintained in a balance between mutation and random genetic drift.
Efforts to improve postharvest longevity of fresh-cut flowers has only recently turned toward selection and breeding. Conventional methods to extend keeping longevity of cut flowers depend on use of chemical treatment placed in holding solutions. Postharvest longevity studies were initiated with Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) to determine: if natural genetic variation existed for cut-flower longevity, the inheritance of the trait, heritability, and associated physiology. Evaluation of commercial inbreds held in deionized water revealed a range in cut-flower longevity from a couple of days to 2.5 weeks. The shortest- and longestlived inbreds were used as parents in crosses to study the aforementioned areas of interest. Information will be presented on inheritance of cut flower longevity based on populations evaluated from matings for generation means analysis and inbred backcross method. Also presented will be information on stomata, transpiration, carbohydrate, fresh-weight change, and forcing temperature relative to postharvest longevity.
A teaching module was developed for computer-aided instruction of mutation theory. The Hypercard-driven, Macintosh compatible module illustrates the concepts of: 1) Changes in allele frequency with mutation pressure; 2) Number of alleles maintained in populations, and; 3) The Neutrality Hypothesis. The concepts are integrated in an application by using a game format.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutation pressure results in changes in allele frequency. Concept 1 illustrates the theoretical changes in allele frequency under pressure of reversible mutation. Mutation equilibrium is depicted as P=V/u+v; where v=mutation rates of allele A and u of allele a. The Infinite-Alleles Model of mutation is illustrated in Concept 2 and specifies characteristics of new mutations by F=1/4Nu+1, where F=fixation index and N=number in population. Concept 3 demonstrates the hypothesis that polymorphisms result from selectively neutral alleles maintained in a balance between mutation and random genetic drift.
Early blight (EB), caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, is a destructive disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. Sources of genetic resistance have been identified within related wild species, including green-fruited L. hirsutum and red-fruited L. pimpinellifolium. We have employed traditional protocols of plant breeding and contemporary molecular markers technology to discern the genetic basis of EB resistance and develop tomatoes with improved resistance. Backcross breeding has resulted in the development of germplasm with improved resistance; however, linkage drag has been a major obstacle when using L. hirsutum as a donor parent. To identify and map QTLs for EB resistance, we used several filial and backcross populations derived from interspecific crosses between L. esculentum and either L. hirsutum or L. pimpinellifolium. In each population, an average of seven resistance QTLs were detected. While similar QTLs were detected in different generations of the same cross, generally different QTLs were identified in populations derived from different crosses. The results suggested stability of QTLs across environments and generations but variation in QTLs in different interspecific populations. It is expected that marker-assisted pyramiding of QTLs from different sources results in development of germplasm with strong and durable resistance. Further inspection of the results led to the identification and selection of six QTLs with stable and independent effects for use in marker–assisted selection (MAS). However, to facilitate “clean” transfer and pyramiding of these QTLs, near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing individual QTLs in a L. esculentum background should be developed.
Resistance to mites and small insects in geranium results from the production of a viscous exudate on tall glandular trichomes present on the plant surface. This exudate exhibits sticky-trap properties immobilizing pests and reducing feeding and fecundity. The exudate is composed of long-chain 6-alkyl salicylic acids known as anacardic acids. The exudate of resistant plants contains 86% unsaturated anacardic acids. Susceptible genotypes possess fewer tall glandular trichomes and a trichome exudate which is dry and ineffective in trapping pests. The exudate from susceptible plants contains 70% saturated anacardic acids, thus explaining the physical state of the exudate. A single dominant locus controls the production of predominantly unsaturated versus saturated anacardic acids and thus resistance versus susceptibility. Other loci condition the ratio of C22:C24 unsaturated anacardic acids and the density of tall glandular trichomes. Current research involves the elucidation of the enzymatic pathway(s) involved in anacardic acid biosynthesis, identification of the regulatory enzymes and isolation of the mRNA transcripts associated with pertinent genes.