seedlings that represented multiple polyantha breeding lines. These seedling populations were planted and maintained without winter protection or fungicide treatments during their initial 4-year evaluation period at the University of Minnesota Horticultural
stressful sites. Mulch will assist with winter protection in exposed locations or colder zones. Propagation and Culture Propagation is by side-grafting or chip-budding onto B. tianschanica seedlings, softwood, or semihardwood cuttings or tissue
and reduce leaf desiccation damage. Avoid planting palms in low areas where poor air drainage may form frost pockets. Active winter protection techniques can include simple shelters, wind barriers, natural insulation materials, trunk and/or foliar
winter provided satisfactory winter protection for trailing ‘Siskiyou’ blackberry to produce >12 lb/plant in Kearneysville, WV (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b). Trailing ‘Siskiyou’ blackberry produced high-quality fruit in early summer. Information on the
winter protection ( Takeda et al., 2008 ; Takeda and Phillips, 2011 ). Previously, Takeda et al. (2003a) reported that on ‘Chester Thornless’ blackberry plants, in which the primocanes were bent at a height of 40 inches to facilitate the over
winter protection in nurseries and harvesting and grading of production in greenhouses were done by workers manually. More than one-fourth of the nurseries mechanized the plant pruning activities performed by their workers. About 40% of nurseries and 49
-hardy cultivars were trained on a top wire, high-cordon system, whereas the cold-sensitive materials were trained to the mini-J system for winter protection ( Hoover and Hemstad, 1993 ). Of the cultivars evaluated, three were seeded (‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Swenson Red
winter protection for grape. HortScience 43:1966–1969. Doughty, C.C. Hemerick, G.A. 1975 Impedance as a measurement of blueberry bud hardiness J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100 115 118 Ehlenfeldt, M
with full sun or artificial shade. Winter protection of these plants is required in many parts of the country to eliminate freeze damage to roots. The farm-gate CF of #3 (11.4 L) container shrubs ranged from 1.72 to 3.36 kg CO 2 e depending on the
planting seed; harvesting and grading production; spacing of plants and containers; removal, picking up, loading, and placing of plants; and jamming of plants for winter protection. The nursery and greenhouse industry is often described as one of the