from the Dec. 2000 storm was ≈50% and 35% in Jan. 2007. Damage in 2000 consisted of limb breakage and split limb crotches described earlier. In 2007, about one-half of the debris was from compensatory shoots 3 to 4 inches in diameter that were 15 to 20
collected from these nurseries included 1) diseased plants showing symptoms such as dieback, root rot, shoot blight, leaf lesions, defoliation ( Fig. 1A–E ); 2) soil, gravel, and leaf debris from underneath the pots from a symptomatic area ( Fig. 2A–D ); 3
berries per centimeter. The number of pieces of dehiscent floral debris retained in each cluster was also counted ( Hed et al., 2009 ). A subsample of frozen berries from each experimental unit (≈500 g) was thawed in a water bath at 60 °C, then ground in a
., 2006 ; Sikora and Szmidt, 2001 ). Burkhard et al. (2009) found greater growth and yield in blueberry when using seafood- or manure-based composts. Larco et al. (2013) also reported better growth and yield in blueberry when using yard-debris compost
another bin for disposal was recorded. For the Paddock Vac, the time to pick up chestnuts and burs, sort them, move the equipment, and dump the burs and other debris was recorded. Nut numbers and their fresh weights were also recorded to calculate the time
season. The powdery mildews are obligate parasites. They overwinter as ascocarps on plant debris or as mycelia in dormant plant tissue. Conidia, ascocarps, and ascospores released from ascocarps are dispersed from infected plants or plant debris by wind
) ( Fig. 1 ) mechanical harvester equipped with a picking head equivalent to the commercial Yung-Etgar evaluated in earlier field tests. Although there was a negligible amount of fruit on the ground, all fruit and debris on the ground alongside the harvest
total nut weight. All plots were mechanically harvested separately. In-shell nuts were dried to 4.5% moisture with a commercial drier and processed in a commercial cleaning plant to remove all sticks, leaves, and debris. All cleaned nuts were then
or contaminants such as pathogens, weed seeds, debris, and poor quality seed” ( Black et al., 2006 ). Certified seed was defined as “seeds produced under strict seed standards to maintain seeds free of debris and prohibited weed seeds” ( Black et al
conventional manual spur pruning with 36 to 40 buds per vine with no further canopy manipulation. Hand labor pass was conducted to tie any loose cordons and remove debris from the trellis. The mechanical prepruning with hand thinning treatment consisted of