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Organic vegetable production under glass or in other protected environments, hereto referred as controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) is growing, according to the 2014 census of organic agriculture reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Runkle 2015 ). The rapid advancement in LED lighting technologies, such as the precise control of lighting spectra and lower power consumption, have placed it at the forefront of light choices in the controlled-environment agricultural sector. Many LED
temperatures commonly used in controlled environment agriculture. Our results are also consistent with studies that have demonstrated yield reductions in other seed crops. Yield of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. USU-Apogee) and rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv
need for containment, but controlled environment agriculture systems can be designed and/or adapted for containment if genetically modified plants were used. If the use of a modified organism in a transient expression system was to yield significantly
High tunnel crop production systems capitalize on the greenhouse effect and its subsequent microclimate modification. They are part of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems for crop production. They can provide daytime air and soil
and reuse runoff. In closed subirrigation systems such as those used in controlled-environment agricultural production for example, water is taken up by capillary action through the base of the production container, and unused water is drained back
.G. 1997 Hydroponic lettuce production influenced by integrated supplemental light levels in a controlled environment agriculture facility: Experimental results Acta Hort. 418 45 52 Clausen, A. Maersk-Moeller, H.M. Soerensen, J.C. Joergensen, B.N. Kjaer, K
). Growing culinary herbs in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) facilities can enhance yield and quality of herbs through appropriate cultivar and production system selection ( Walters and Currey, 2015 ) and managing mineral nutrition ( De Pascale et al
indoor environment required 2 g N over an 8-week period. Provide a ratio between macronutrients similar to those reported for a “reference” WSF solution [University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center solution, described by Mattson and
increasing sophistication of controlled-environment agriculture facilitates atmospheric environmental regulation ( Katsoulas et al., 2001 ). Because VPD is an indicator of the atmospheric driving force for water movement, greenhouse operations are moving