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 al. 2010 ). The plant cell wall serves as a physical barrier that forms an obstacle for the entry of all pathogens, but it can be overcome by pathogen-generated cell wall-degrading enzymes ( Bacete et al. 2018 ; Bellincampi et al. 2014 ). In addition to
cells around the vascular tissues, but few signals in the pith cells ( Fig. 1B ). The subcellular localization indicated that the IAA signals were mainly detected in the nuclei, cytoplasm, and a few in the cell wall but and few in vacuoles ( Fig. 1C and
samples (1 g) were digested with 1 m HCl. Both the total Fe concentration and ferrous Fe concentration of the dissolved solutions were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Z2000; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Determination of cell wall Fe
several upregulated DEGs assigned to cell wall degradation [BIN 10.6 ( P = 0.031)]. Table 1. Selected significant categories (BINs) of MapMan enrichment analysis ( Thimm et al., 2004 ; Usadel et al., 2005 ) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in
components contribute to overall fruit texture, including cell type, size, shape, packing, cell to cell adhesion, extracellular space, and cell wall thickness ( Harker et al., 1997 ). Parenchyma cells are the most numerous type of cells in the flesh of
protective barrier in water transport, gas exchange, and pathogen defense ( Dominguez et al., 2011b ; Jeffree, 1996 ; Kerstiens, 1996 ; Riederer and Schreiber, 2001 ). The cuticle is deposited on the outer cell wall of the epidermis and also impregnates
viewed in incident light at ×250 (Axioplan; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany). The fracture mode was quantified by counting the number of epidermal cells where fracture occurred along the anticlinal cell walls and expressing this number as a
their cell walls ( Schumann et al. 2019 ); and (6) rupture of the stretched skin caused by decreased cell–cell adhesion, which is associated with cell wall swelling ( Brüggenwirth and Knoche 2017 ). This sequence of events—a causal chain—is consistent
therefore the above explanation may also apply to sweet cherry. First, the bursting of cells as a consequence of excessive water uptake possibly through microcracks ( Glenn and Poovaiah, 1989 ; Peschel and Knoche, 2005 ) and of significant cell-wall
The plant cell wall is a highly organized structure composed of many different polysaccharides, proteins, and phenolic compounds. Fruit ripening involves extensive depolymerization of pectin, as well as other modifications to cell-wall components