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( Osborne, 2002 ). Untransformed data are shown for clarity of the presentation. Analysis of variance was used to detect year and treatment effects. The 2-year data on specific variables were combined when no significant year × treatment interaction was
changing the head difference at the base of the fritted plate between 1 and 6.1 kPa. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance to determine the influence of bark age and source on chemical and physical properties. Coefficient of variance
quality equal to turf receiving 23 g N/m 2 /year, presumably as a result of release of N from decomposing thatch and clippings. Thus, it may be possible to eliminate all N from landscapes fertilized during those rainy summer months of June through
analysis of variance) in which inferences about a population are to be made based on a random sample. Both the original and natural-logarithm-transformed values for bulk density were examined in the methods used in the remainder of this study with no
substrate physical properties as it has on soil physical properties. Texture for soilless substrates can be defined as the distribution and proportions of particle sizes in a substrate resulting from grinding, processing, and decomposition of the parent
weeds were identified to species. Annual grasses were composited in one category. Additional weeds were counted as “other.” Analysis. Overall growth and survival data were analyzed by analysis of variance based on a split plot in a randomized
temporarily ( Cheshire et al., 1999 ). Burying oat straw residue through tillage led to faster decomposition than leaving it on the surface, although surface oat straw residue immobilized less N than incorporated residue ( Mulvaney et al., 2010 ). To our
release of nutrients ( Wilson and Hargrove, 1986 ). If allowed to remain on the surface, mixtures have slower surface decomposition than legumes alone ( Creamer et al., 1997 ) and can provide significant suppression of weeds for the next crop ( Creamer et
the soil, may have increased decomposition of the plant material and mineralization of N, leading to asynchronous N availability, with N uptake and potential leaching losses. It is likely that chemical termination, without mechanical incorporation
crucial to successfully growing cycads ( Whitelock, 2002 ). Drainage of organic substrates can decline over time as decomposition occurs ( Bilderback et al., 2005 ). Decomposition of organic materials depends on the nature of materials and on climatic