to fertilize container nursery stock in Canada and many other parts of the world ( Alam et al., 2009 ; Chen et al., 2011 ; Yeager and Cashion, 1993 ). Application rates and longevity ratings for CRFs are listed on the fertilizer packaging; however
quality of foliage due to intensity of foliar coloration depends on proper nutrition ( Stamps and Osborne, 2003 ). CRFs are commonly used as fertilizer sources in container production systems ( Grable et al., 2017 ). CRFs can improve plant growth and
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are widely used in horticultural production systems because of their ability to match nutrient release with plant demand, and to reduce labor costs and volatilization ( Halvorson et al. 2014 ). These
N release curve of CRF was divided into the sigmoid pattern, parabolic pattern, and double parabolic pattern ( Yu et al., 2006 ). A CRF whose CNR (from a CRF) curve has a parabolic shape is called a PCRF, but if the curve is sigmoidal or “S” shaped
., 2009 ). Compared with liquid fertilizer (LF), CRF is economical, because it does not require equipment to adjust the nutrient concentration and deliver the fertilizer. In our previous study, we demonstrated that CRF application was able to maintain the
-release fertilizer (CRF) blends [12–3–9 (12N–1.31P–7.47K) with all micronutrients as sulfur-coated products at higher rates; and 16–3–20 (16N–1.31P–16.6K) with all micronutrients as sulfates] in 2018–19 and two CRF blends [12–3–14 (12N–1.31P–11.62 K) with 2 times of
sprayed or not with urea in the autumn. Additionally, trees were also grown with one rate of an industry standard controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) that provided the same total N as the highest rate of UF. Materials and methods One-year-old bareroot
driven advances in coating technologies for CRF products. Complex polymer coatings that release nutrients to the substrate as a slow, continuous dose at a rate more compatible with uptake have the potential to decrease the environmental impact of excess N
tap water); SW (irrigated only with SW); VC at 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% by volume, either alone or in combination with SW; CRF (Osmocote Plus N:P:K at 15:9:12; Scotts-Sierra Horticultural Products Co., Marysville, OH), and WSF (greenhouse-grade general
sedum in green roof systems have demonstrated positive responses to CRF rate both during production of commonly installed modules and post-installation module maintenance ( Barker and Lubell, 2012 ; Clark and Zheng, 2013 ; Emilsson et al., 2007