Weed management in organic production systems is an integration of cultural, mechanical, and chemical weed control components uniquely tailored for each location and crop. Chemical weed control in certified organic cropping systems allows for use of
Herbicide use is an important component of weed management in field nursery crops. No single herbicide controls all weed species. Oxyfluorfen, simazine, and isoxaben are preemergence herbicides effective against broadleaf weeds. Oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine are effective in preemergence control of grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Metolachlor is the only herbicide currently labeled for nursery crops that is effective in preemergence nutsedge (Cyperus) control. Fluazifop-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim are selective postemergence herbicides used for grass control. Glyphosate, paraquat, and glufosinate are nonselective postemergence herbicides used in directed spray applications for broad-spectrum weed control. Bentazon, halosulfuron, and imazaquin are effective postemergence nutsedge herbicides. These herbicides are discussed with respect to their chemical class, mode of action, labeled rates, and current research addressing their effectiveness in nursery crops.
, has been widely used under polyethylene mulch for effective weed control in vegetable production, including bell pepper ( Duniway, 2002 ). However, because of its ozone-depleting potential, methyl bromide is being phased out from the U.S. agricultural
weed control practices are critical in olive orchards to reduce competition for valuable inputs such as water, nutrients, and sunlight, as well as to reduce the likelihood of negative impacts from pests (insects, nematodes, and pathogens) residing on
). Growers in the EAA typically rely on preemergence application of S -metolachlor to provide early-season weed control followed by postemergence application of bentazon for broadleaf weed control in combination with sethoxydim for grass control. However
/m 2 over a 30-d growing season. In the organic soils of the EAA, negative effects of weed interference on radish are due to lack of registered effective preemergence or postemergence herbicides for broad-spectrum weed control. Many soil
Many studies have analyzed the benefits and disadvantages of common weed control techniques in urban or suburban landscape settings as they pertain to weed control. In most cases, homeowners or landscapers will use mulch (organic or inorganic
level of weed control may not always be achieved with the use of herbicides applied before weed emergence ( Amador-Ramirez, 2002 ). However, the majority of the herbicides available for weed control in pepper are only selective to pepper when applied as
Weeds are a major problem in cutting propagation, but management is difficult due to lack of viable control methods. Weed control in propagation is commonly addressed by manual removal (hand weeding), which is time-consuming and labor
Weed control is a major issue in jack-o-lantern pumpkin production as a result of the limited number of registered herbicides ( Walters et al., 2008 ). Many of the herbicides currently registered for pumpkins have potential crop injury risks, high