Dormant, intact crowns were used to determine the cold hardiness of the herbaceous perennial Heuchera sanguinea `Chatterbox'. Crowns were placed in moist cheesecloth, wrapped in aluminum foil, and subjected to -4,-6,-8,-10,-12,-14, -16, or -18C in a programmable freezer. Regrowth quality ratings and dry-mass measurement decreased linearly with temperature. No regrowth was evident from any crown exposed to -12C or lower temperatures. Freezing dormant plant crowns proved an efficient and reliable technique for estimating cold hardiness of Heuchera `Chatterbox'.
During Fall 2003, a study similar to that of Fall 2002 was conducted to determine the effect of crown manipulation on shoot production in four cultivars of daylily. Three crown manipulation treatments: (1) the shoot cut back two centimeters from crown, (2) the shoot cut back to the crown, and (3) shoot cut back to the crown and scooped out were compared to a control. Four daylily cultivars, `Bull Durham', `Amber Lamp', `Angus McLeod', and `Alvatine Taylor' were used in this study. After eight weeks of observations, the results showed that the cut back to crown treatment caused a significant increase in the number of shoots when compared to the control and other two treatments. Shoot production for the cultivar `Angus McLeod' was significantly better than the other cultivars. Results obtained for Fall 2003 study were similar to that of Fall 2002. These results imply that cutting the shoots back to the crown in some daylily cultivars could possibly be used to enhance multiplication of daylilies during propagation.
Media and nutrient variables were investigated to develop methods of reducing the incidence and severity of fusarium crown rot incited by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (FORL), a disease problem of current importance with tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Root-dip inoculated seedlings were transplanted into trays of a 1 Canadian peat: 1 vermiculite medium that had been prepared with factorial combinations of CaCO, (0.75 or 3.0 kg·m), Ca(NO) or (NH) SO (each at 225 mg N/liter), and NaCl at 0 or 2000 mg Na/liter as the experimental treatments. Crown rot was more severe with the lower CaCO rate, with (NH) SO, and supplemental NaCI. Data on fresh weight of seedlings expressed as percentage values relative to the noninoculated controls supported observations on disease severity.
Fusarium crown and root rot (crown rot) develops on tomato from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). Genetic resistance to crown rot was previously introduced into the cultivated tomato from the wild species Lycopersicon peruvianum and found to be a single dominant gene, Frl, on the long arm near the centromere of chromosome 9 of the tomato genome. In an effort to identify molecular markers tightly linked to the gene, Ohio 89-1 Fla 7226, Fla 7464, `Mocis', and `Mopèrou', lines homozygous for Frl (resistant), were screened with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in comparison to Fla 7482B and `Monalbo', lines homozygous for Frl + (susceptible). Frl was determined to be between the RFLP markers CT208 and CD8. These two markers are separated by a genetic map distance of 0.9 cM according to Pillen et al. (1996). In addition, we screened a pool of eight resistant plants against a pool of nine susceptibles from a BC1 population segregating for Frl for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Fazio et al. (1998) previously determined that crossover events occurred in these 17 plants between Frl and a rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker, UBC194. Our research has indicated that UBC194 is also between CT208 and CD8 on the centromeric side of Frl. Of the 62 AFLP primer combinations tested, 34 showed more than 63 strong polymorphisms in linkage to resistant phenotypes.
Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinc and van Delden) Conn strain K-84 failed to control raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) crown gall caused by A. tumefaciens (E.F. Smith and Townsend) Conn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains isolated from galls on plants that had been treated with K-84 were not sensitive to agrocin 84 in vitro. These strains were isolated from `Titan' and `Hilton' raspberry in New York state and from `Himbo Queen' and `Schönemann' raspberry in Italy. Almost all strains were identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 2. Raspberry crown gall was not controlled by K-84 in three field experiments in New York state. In two of the experiments, plants were produced by micropropagation and were known to be pathogen-free. The other plant source was shown to be contaminated with the pathogen before treatment with K-84. Crown gall was not controlled either on raspberry in a greenhouse experiment or on Kalanchoe diagremintiana (Hamet. and Perrier) plants that were coinoculated with K-84 and strains of A. tumefaciens isolated from galls on raspberry.
Abstract
Resistance to Fusarium crown and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici) in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was inherited as a monogenic dominant gene in a cross between the breeding lines 89-1 (resistant) and 1239A (susceptible).
Abstract
African violets (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) are propagated commercially by leaf cuttings with or without a petiole (3). Laurie and Kiplinger (4) reported that leaves propagated without petioles produce more crowns. Developing shoots or crowns (plantlets) with roots usually are divided and handled as young plants. In one variation of this method the roots are removed from the shoots, the shoots are graded and the graded shoots are rerooted to obtain uniform plants. This method requires numerous shoots.
Phytoplasma PoiBI is responsible for free branching in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild. ex. Klotzsch). In this study, PoiBI was transmitted by dodder from poinsettia to crown-of-thorns (E. milii Des Moulins) in one out of ≈100 attempts, whereas grafting transmission was unsuccessful. PoiBI was shown to be viable in E. milii, as it was detected in the recipient plant and in its cuttings over 1.5 years by polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that PoiBI induces free branching in E. milii as well as in poinsettia. Smaller leaves, reduced growth rates, and delayed flowering were other effects of PoiBI infection.
Abstract
In 3 separate experiments, the effects of container types, transplant age, and growing media on asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) transplant quality were determined. These transplants then were field planted to determine the effects of propagation methods on plant growth after one growing season. Transplants grown for 10 weeks in deep peat pots (10 cm deep, 177 cm3, and 364 plants/m2) produced crowns and fern of higher fresh and dry weight than other containers (ranging in depth from 5.5 to 7.6 cm, in volume from 53 to 186 cm3, and plant density/m2 from 277 to 1624). Shoot and root growth of 7-, 8.5-, and 10-week-old transplants (grown in identical containers) were similar, but crown fresh and dry weight were reduced for 6-week-old transplants. Ten-week-old transplants originally broadcast-seeded in flats of 1 vermiculite: 1 peat medium (v:v) produced more roots, buds, shoots and fern and crowns of greater fresh and dry weight than those grown in 1 peat : 1 perlite or 1 perlite : 1 vermiculite media. At the end of the growing season, plants originally grown in deep peat pots were superior in number of shoots and fleshy roots, and crown and fern dry weight to those grown in other container types, to transplants of various ages, and to bareroot transplants.
Abstract
6-Furfuxylamino purine (kinetin) at 0.1% plus indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 0.005 to 0.025% in lanolin, applied directly to the lateral buds at nodes on the basal portion of stems induced aerial crown formation with shoot growth.