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in the northeastern United States and is normally associated with cool-season turfgrasses, whereas southern chinch bugs occur in southern areas of the United States and feed on warm-season turfgrasses ( Reinert et al., 1995 ). Blissus occiduus

to recover after 3 weeks. Given that tolerance to flaming may vary from species to species, further studies on other warm-season turfgrass species are needed to investigate the use of flame weeding as an alternative to chemical herbicides. Units

., 2004 ). Bermudagrass ( Cynodon ssp . ) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species that has shown the capacity to maintain acceptable appearance at deficit irrigation levels ( Fu et al., 2004 ; Wherley et al., 2014 ). However, little is known

dormancy period of warm-season grasses, which results in a prolonged loss of turfgrass color for up to five months ( Macolino et al., 2010 ). Only a few cool-season species can be used in transition zones without large inputs of water during the summer. The

tolerance similar to ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass, a turfgrass commonly used on athletic fields and golf courses in warm-season climates for its superior traffic tolerance. New seashore paspalum cultivars such as ‘Sea Isle 2000’, ‘Sea Isle 1’, ‘Sea Dwarf

establishment within warm-season turfgrass scenarios common to the southeastern United States. Furthermore, unlike pasture systems, managed turfgrass scenarios may offer unique opportunities to manipulate turfgrass height and density as well as soil

bulbs is limited. Identifying bulb species that could both add color to dormant warm-season turfgrasses and supply nutrition to pollinators, could fill two roles in many turfgrass ecosystems. If bulbs do not interfere with the majority of turfgrass

hybrids. Zoysiagrasses have been gaining popularity for use in southern latitudes, and development of new cultivars has increased in recent decades ( Patton, 2009 ). Compared with other warm-season turfgrass species such as bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp.) or

( Cynodon spp.), a warm-season turfgrass, is one of the most commonly used lawn and utility turfs in tropical and subtropic climates. Bermudagrass grows rapidly by rhizomes and stolons and has a dense, spreading growth habit that is competitive against

Seashore paspalum ( P. vaginatum ) is a warm-season, perennial turfgrass ( Morton, 1973 ) that is used primarily as a fine-bladed turfgrass in recreational areas. This littoral, C 4 species is typically found in tropical to warm temperate regions