traffic in urban areas ( Pénard-Morand et al., 2010 ). Trees remove airborne dust and chemical matter, or particulate matter from the air, where it is stored on leaves, twigs, and trunks ( Beckett et al., 1998 ). Particulary, leaf magnetization studies
concentrations of heavy metals are occasionally elevated, it is likely caused by urban soils that may get mixed in with the collected shade tree leaves ( Heckman and Kluchinski 1996 ). If soil concentrations of heavy metals increase over time, it depends on the
. According to their own assessment, the participants in rural surroundings (Paltamo, Kainuu, in the middle part of Finland) knew trees by name better than their urban associates in Helsinki. The result was confirmed in statistical analysis and in the drawings
desirable for nut production. Flavor, ease of cracking, and fruit size vary, leaving opportunity for selection of trees better suited to urban applications rather than orchards. In addition, reports indicate some interspecific hybrids may be sterile and
of both biodiversity and genetic diversity in landscape plantings, especially in urban areas, where the homogenization of plants worldwide has been noted ( Wittig and Becker, 2010 ). The mass devastation to ash trees in North America because of
Flowering dogwood is an important tree of forests and urban landscapes in the eastern United States. This native tree blooms early in the spring as new leaves unfold. The inflorescence consists of petallike subtending bracts of red, pink, or white
eastern hemlock Prog. Phys. Geogr. 37 1 114 129 Hoover, B.K. Bates, R.M. Sellmer, J.C. Hoover, G.A. 2009 Challenging chinese hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ) with hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ) ovisacs Arboricult. Urban For. 35 1 1 4 i-Tree n.d. i-Tree
knowledge of the water management practices used in each territorial and socioeconomic context. In the northwestern Mediterranean region, expanding urban areas significantly affect water demand ( Domene and SaurÃ, 2006 ). Social preferences toward single
In urban forests throughout North America, scale insects are some of the most abundant pests damaging landscape trees ( Frank 2019 ). Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS), Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), is a nonnative
Urban landscape plants are often grown well beyond the environmental boundaries of their native range, particularly in regard to precipitation. Irrigation mitigates water stress for plants from mesic habitats grown in arid region urban landscapes