status of plants throughout the growing season to determine whether each nutrient is present in sufficient concentrations for optimum growth characteristics. The tissue tests confirm suspected nutrient deficiency symptoms, reveal hidden hunger, and verify
deficiency (plant growth, nutrient extraction, leaf chlorophyll concentration, and efficiency of photosystem II). Materials and Methods Plant material and growth conditions Four commercial cultivars of cucumber were used in the experiments: Serena
yield with limited attention paid to its effect on stone fruit quality ( Crisosto et al., 1997 ). Studies on apples ( Bramlage et al., 1980 ; Crisosto et al., 1997 ) and plums ( Kotze et al., 1987 ) reported an influence of nutrient deficiencies on
as percent of the full strength; r 2 = 0.9625). The Fe deficiency was most likely caused by the increased pH values in the lower nutrient level treatments ( Fig. 3 ), because the micronutrient levels were the same in all the treatments. The 75
11.6 mg·kg −1 ( Table 1 ). Although visual symptoms did not develop, the corresponding tissue values can be used as indicators of the lower nutrient sufficiency ranges. Discussion The observed symptoms of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn deficiencies matched
Each essential element taken up by a plant serves to fulfill a specific physiological role, and reduced (nutrient deficiency) or excess (nutrient toxicity) levels of that element often result in unique symptomology that may be used for diagnostic
-deficient tomato seedlings was ≈19-fold lower than seedlings irrigated with 50% Hoagland’s nutrient solution. As demonstrated in other studies ( Ding et al., 2005 ; Zhao et al., 2005 ), N deficiency resulted in lower biomass and negatively affected overall growth
palm ( Broschat and Elliott, 2005 ; Elliott et al., 2004 ). Because palms have only one apical meristem per trunk and no aerial lateral meristems, nutrient deficiencies that might cause only a twig dieback in broadleaf trees can be fatal in palms
content than the upper leaves. Fig. 2. Effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on amino acid content of the upper leaves ( A ), the lower leaves ( B ), and roots ( C ) of creeping bentgrass. Plants were treated with a nutrient solution containing zero N (–N) or
nutrient. Thus, the deficiency symptoms of a particular nutrient are typical and may appear in several plant organs, such as leaves, stems, roots, and fruit. These symptoms assist in the nutritional evaluation of plants ( Gontijo et al., 2007 ). However