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plants through research and development (R&D) investment and increases of new cultivars. Overall crops these studies showed the effects were weak to nonexistent with some finding significant effects on just a few crops such as increased breeding efforts
growth characteristics and establishment rates of new zoysiagrass progeny and determine the relationship among these characteristics and coverage. Materials and Methods Two separate studies were conducted at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center
’)] × ‘BRS Linda’. This new hybrid seedless grape is tolerant to downy mildew, the main grape disease in subtropical humid areas, requiring fewer fungicide applications. However, their slightly pinkish clusters show color deficiency when cultivated in warm
within a diploid phu-stn population for the intense yellow-flesh creamer market at three locations in the United States: a southeastern (Florida), southwestern (New Mexico), and a seed production environment (Maine). Tuber characteristics evaluated in
-RNase and the SFB genes are multiallelic and are characteristic of each of the S -haplotypes, they are ideal markers for molecular S -typing. To date, 14 S-RNases were cloned from japanese plum ( Beppu et al., 2002 , 2003 ; Sapir et al., 2004 ). In
entries can all trace, in part, back to the cultivar Cynthia ( Supplementary Table 4 ). Bootstrap support (0.978; Fig. 1A, Panel a ) and unique morphological characteristics (e.g., lower seed yield compared with BVMG type) provide justification for a new
A further characterization of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mutant `Wisconsin SMR-18' bla (blunt leaf apex) revealed a new character associated with the previously described leaf phenotype. The attachment of the blade to the petiole of bla plants is flat across, as opposed to the cordate or indented attachment in the wild-type `Wisconsin SMR-18' plants. The new character (truncate leaf base) was easier to score and becomes distinctive earlier in development than previously described leaf apex characters. It was expressed consistently in homozygous bla plants. Segregation analysis of 1159 F2 seedlings arising from self-pollinated `Wisconsin SMR-18' × `Wisconsin SMR-18' bla F1 plants suggested that the leaf base and leaf apex character were controlled by a single locus or two tightly linked ones with a maximum distance between the two of 0.03 cM. In a field study of growth and fitness characteristics, the two genotypes did not differ significantly for flower or fruit count. The similar flowering and fruiting characteristics, along with the reliable early occurring truncate character, likely will make the two genotypes useful for pollination and gene movement studies.
abiotic stress. Moreover, in developed countries, new and niche products often have good markets. One such crop is a wild asparagus species ( Asparagus acutifolius L.), a perennial herbaceous plant with spears that have been used in the Mediterranean area
similarly to USVL HY4, exhibiting some significant drops in quality in summer versus fall, but a majority of heads harvested from this variety had marketable characteristics in summer ( Table 3 ; Fig. 2 ). Results of the New York summer trials were
A teaching module was developed for computer-aided instruction of mutation theory. The Hypercard-driven, Macintosh compatible module illustrates the concepts of: 1) Changes in allele frequency with mutation pressure; 2) Number of alleles maintained in populations, and; 3) The Neutrality Hypothesis. The concepts are integrated in an application by using a game format.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutation pressure results in changes in allele frequency. Concept 1 illustrates the theoretical changes in allele frequency under pressure of reversible mutation. Mutation equilibrium is depicted as P=V/u+v; where v=mutation rates of allele A and u of allele a. The Infinite-Alleles Model of mutation is illustrated in Concept 2 and specifies characteristics of new mutations by F=1/4Nu+1, where F=fixation index and N=number in population. Concept 3 demonstrates the hypothesis that polymorphisms result from selectively neutral alleles maintained in a balance between mutation and random genetic drift.