). Histochemical and biochemical analyses of the stigmatic exudate show that it is heterogeneous and composed of lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Cresti et al. (1982) evaluated the stigma of Citrus limon and using SEM evaluations of fresh tissues
, inactivate enzymes, and cause lipid peroxidation ( Finkel and Holbrook, 2000 ; Moldovan and Moldovan, 2004 ). The most important forms of ROS are hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, superoxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Plants possess an
were then rinsed with hot distilled water until the pH of the water was neutral, then rinsed again in acetone for 3 min and oven dried for 3 h. The lignin percentage in the sample was calculated using the following equation: Statistical analysis. A 3
. 4D ), indicating a higher membrane lipid peroxidation under heat ( Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1989 ). MDA increased after the peak time of RI ( Fig. 4 ), suggesting that MDA is a result of temperature-induced membrane damage and not the cause
supernatant was stored at 39 °F until analysis (≈5 months). The extract volume was adjusted to 5.0 mL using methanol; then, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to remove lipids from the extracts before the chromatographic analysis. The SPE procedure was
determined based on the glucose equivalents. Root system analysis. Root balls were excavated from the pot, rinsed free of media, and then placed in 0.5 g·L −1 neutral red dye solution (Sigma Aldrich Co.) for 24 h at 6.7 °C. Following the dying process, roots
lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increased mass loss ( Song et al., 2009 ). Firmness. The firmness of ‘Maluma’ avocado fruit was significantly ( P ≤ 0.01) affected by the interaction between storage time and coatings. This could be explained by the
Fischer, 2006 ). They facilitate the transport of not only water but also other small neutral molecules and gases through biological membranes ( Chaumont and Tyerman, 2014 ; Kaldenhoff and Fischer, 2006 ; Sade et al., 2010 ). Since the first AQP gene
membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and membrane lipid peroxidation ( Ding et al., 2020 ). In addition, low temperatures could disrupt photosynthesis ( Ruelland et al., 2009 ). Plants have evolved a series of strategies to
., 2010 ). The main soluble sugars in peaches are sucrose, fructose, glucose, and sorbitol, which are regulated by vacuolar acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS) ( Bianco and Rieger, 2002