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transcriptional regulation. The pathway for ethylene signal transduction involves ethylene receptors ethylene response ( ETR ) and ethylene response sensor ( ERS ), constitutive triple response ( CTR ), ethylene insensitive ( EIN2 and EIN3 ), and ethylene
environments, they are adapting to use certain REEs for specific metabolic and physiological processes, hence the hyperaccumulation in Carya , and especially in tetraploid Carya . Observations that certain REEs can increase photosynthesis, chlorophyll content
the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) and one protein spot was related to the chlorophyll binding protein. The next most prominent category was molecular chaperones (14%). Proteins of this group included heat shock protein (HSP
photon flux density (assumed roof conditions). The soil water content for individuals in the dry treatment was investigated after irrigation (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d) using a soil moisture sensor (EC-5 and ProCheck; Decagon, Pullman, WA). Comparison of
). The software also tracked air temperature and relative humidity (RH) data from sensors (HX93BC; Omega Engineering, Stamford, CT) installed in each chamber. Photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR ) was recorded during the 2015 trials from four
cuvette was measured by a quantum sensor (LI-190SA; LI-COR). Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the gas circuit in the continuous photosynthesis measurement system. Arabic numbers indicate the sequence switch of solenoid valve. IRGR = infrared CO 2 analyzer
before final analysis. The experiment was repeated from 5 Oct. 2014 to 8 Nov. 2014, with water-deficit treatment from 28 Oct. to 4 Nov. (Expt. 2). Soil moisture content. Soil moisture content was measured with a soil moisture sensor (ThetaProbe; Delta
(POD) action was measured using the method reported in Rivero et al. (2001) . For chlorophyll measurement, leaves were ground in 80% chilled acetone. Then, leaves were centrifuged at 4 °C and 15,000 g n for 5 min, the supernatant was removed, and its
-dependent reaction, three types of proteins were induced, the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCI type III, LHCII type III, and CP26), the PSII oxygen-evolving complex 23 protein, and the ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase, which is a component of the PSI reaction center
source and identity of the signals that initiate this transition remain unknown. A recent study has reported that arabidopsis mutant ( Ch1 to Ch4 ) plants that are deficient in chlorophyll show delayed vegetative phase change. Ectopic experiments on Ch