Producers of fruit and nut tree nursery stock need effective weed control for maximum production of vigorous, high-grade planting material. Current weed practices include methyl bromide fumigation, preemergence herbicides, hand labor, and multiple tillage operations. As methyl bromide use is phased out due to air quality concerns, and fuel and labor costs continue to increase, herbicides are likely to become even more important for weed management in the nursery industry. Before new herbicides can be registered and used in stonefruit (Prunus sp.) tree nurseries, weed control efficacy and crop safety data are needed under local conditions. Eleven experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2011 in California tree nurseries to evaluate the crop safety of preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST-directed) applications of various herbicides on commonly grown peach (Prunus persica), plum (Prunus domestica), and peach/plum hybrid rootstocks budded to almond (Prunus dulcis) scions. Rootstocks grown from cuttings generally were more tolerant to herbicides than those grown from seed. Crop safety was adequate in seeded and vegetatively propagated rootstocks with oryzalin, pendimethalin, and isoxaben, all of which are labeled for use in tree nurseries. The unregistered herbicides, dithiopyr, rimsulfuron, oxyfluorfen, and foramsulfuron; as well as lower rates of indaziflam and penoxsulam; applied PRE and POST-directed can provide good to excellent weed control in some stonefruit rootstocks. However, because slight crop injury was occasionally observed, additional work on application rates, timing, and method of application, especially on nonlabeled herbicides is needed before these materials can be considered for registration and broad scale use in tree nurseries.
Abstract
Actively growing shoot tips of Prunus × ‘Hally Jolivette’ proliferated in vitro on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA). A 500-fold increase in shoot tips was achieved after 25 weeks in culture. Cultured shoot tips exposed to different levels of NAA and BA (0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/liter of each in all combinations) formed roots, shoots, or basal callus depending on the concentrations of added growth regulators. Microcuttings rooted in vitro in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/liter NAA and under nonsterile conditions in a sphagnum peatmoss:perlite medium. Rooted microcuttings were successfully acclimated and grown under greenhouse conditions.
herbaceous and woody hosts and infestation by RKN can cause significant damage to Prunus in the form of stunted growth, loss of vigor, and early defoliation of 1- to 2-year-old trees when recommended management practices are not followed. Present management
Peach ( Prunus persica ) was domesticated several thousand years ago in China and subsequently introduced to Persia, the Mediterranean, the Americas, and elsewhere ( Faust and Timon, 1995 ). Cultivars selected for cool dry climates generally do not
Prunus serotina is a wild, fast-growing tree native to North America ( Marquis, 1990 ) which has been widely planted in European forests and has spread from plantations to invade several types of woodlands and open habitats on poor soils ( Muys
“Yoshino cherry” in a survey of Ueno Park, Tokyo, Japan. In 1900, it was renamed “Somei-yoshino cherry” to distinguish it from the mountain cherries of Yoshino, Nara Prefecture, Japan ( Kuitert, 1999 ). Its scientific name was initially given as Prunus
production of peach ( P. persica ) and other Prunus species worldwide mainly as a result of tree mortality ( Haygood et al., 1986 ; Kephart and Dunegan, 1948 ; Kouyeas, 1971 ; Stylianides et al., 1985 ). In the southeastern United States, the disease is
Abstract
This paper describes a laboratory exercise for overcoming dormancy requirements of seeds of ‘Nemaguard’ peach [Prunus domestica (L.) Batsch] through selected mechanical, chemical, and environmental treatments.
Prunus mume is a beautiful deciduous tree with fragrant flowers that blooms very early in the spring. It is renowned for its attractive blossoms and longevity throughout China and Japan. In addition, P. mume has medical value ( Dogasaki et al
Portuguese cherrylaurel ( Prunus lusitanica ) and common cherrylaurel ( Prunus laurocerasus ) are popular landscape plants throughout the northern temperate zone. They are densely growing evergreen shrubs, commonly used in hedging. An important