milled to separate large pine bark nuggets, mini nuggets, and fines. The nuggets were to be sold separately as a bulk or bagged landscape mulch material. The remaining fines were then windrowed for aging. The removal of nuggets before milling most likely
; Mathers and Case, 2010 ). Richardson et al. (2008 ) reported that applying 3 inches of pine bark mini-nuggets controlled hairy bittercress ( Cardamine hirsuta ) in large (3–7 gal) containers up to 150 d. Additionally, Altland and Krause (2014 ) reported
propagation is performed in small diameter containers, precluding the use of mulches with a large particle size such as pine ( Pinus sp.) bark nuggets and most other wood-derived materials. Mulches with a small particle size, such as rice hulls and recycled
There has been a considerable amount of interest in alternative substrates for both nursery and greenhouse crop production in recent years. This is due primarily to a decrease in domestic production of pine bark (PB), from which the primary
shown to reduce emergence and establishment of some of the most troublesome weeds. In a study by Chen et al. (2013) , pine straw, pine bark nuggets, and cypress mulch reduced yellow nutsedge shoot densities by 40% to 60% compared with bare-soil (no
Florida nursery in April 1999, and potted in 30-cm diameter 19-L containers using small-nugget pine bark as the growing medium. Initial plant height and canopy width were measured. The plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with seven
of organic mulch materials in containers can provide season-long weed control. In container plant production, Cochran et al. (2009) reported that a 2.5-cm layer of pine bark mini-nuggets reduced weed counts of eclipta ( Eclipta alba L.) by 87% and
from a weed-control perspective. In a 12-month study conducted at two locations in Florida, Marble et al. (p. 199) found that using pine bark nuggets resulted in lower maintenance costs and weed pressure compared with pine straw when both were applied
weed management benefits similar to those of mulch. Moreover, this strategy may provide advantages over the addition of pine bark nuggets, rice hulls, or other mulch materials commonly applied to the surface of nursery containers. The plant liners were
for crop growth. Many mulch products have been recommended as a means of addressing weed control challenges in ornamental plant production ( Chalker-Scott, 2007 ). Richardson et al. (2008) reported over 5 months of weed control with pine bark nuggets