Abbreviations: ASG, acylated steryl glycoside; DGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol; FS, free sterols; GL, galactolipids; GlyL, glycolipid; MGDG, monoga-lactosyldiacylglycerol; NL, neutral lipid; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE
Lipid composition and pigment content in bell pepper fruit that were freshly harvested, chilled 2 weeks at 2C (CH), or chilled then rewarmed to 20C for 4 days (RW), were determined. There was slight to moderate loss of glycerolipids during chilling, with much greater losses after rewarming. Loss of galactolipid (GL) exceeded that of phospholipid (PL). The ratio of the GL, MGDG:DGDG, did not change in CH and RW fruit, and there was no loss of chlorophyll or change in the Chl a:b ratio, but neutral carotenes declined ca 30 % after rewarming. Only small changes in total membrane sterols (TMS) were noted in CH and RW fruit, but major changes in sterol glycosylation and esterificatian occurred. The stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio increased during chilling and after rewarming. Due to PL loss, the ratios of TMS and cerebrosides to PL increased sharply in RW fruit. The ratio of 18:2 to 18:3 declined with chilling and with rewarming in all acyl lipids, but total unsaturation increased only in GL. These results indicate that most membrane damage occurs after rewarming and that the chloroplasts are especially chilling sensitive.
lipid bilayers with associated and embedded proteins, have long been proposed as one of the prime sites of vulnerability or tolerance to heat and cold stress in plants ( Armond et al., 1980 ; Quinn, 1988 ; Vigh et al., 1993 ). The composition of lipid
Tapetum: Regulation and role in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Plant Mol. Biol. 83 165 175 Liu, R.S. Qiu, Y.L. Wei, D.M. Liu, H.H. Zhu, X.Y. Tian, H.Q. Teixeira da Silva, J.A. 2012 Distribution of starch and neutral lipids in the developing
30 min. Cutin and suberin give a red–orange color with Sudan III–IV and a blue–black color with Sudan black B ( Krishnamurthy, 1999 ). For fluorescent microscopy of lipids, neutral red ( Lulai and Morgan, 1992 ), rhodamine B, and auramine O ( Gahan
( Yashoda et al., 2006 ). Some researchers have suggested that the damage of cell membranes derived from lipid peroxidation leads to the formation of SD in mangoes ( Janave, 2009 ; Janave and Sharma, 2008 ; Shivashankar et al., 2007 ). Cell membranes in
inhibition, photosynthesis and respiration anomalies, water deficiency, an imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, lipid peroxidation, a modulation of the levels of hormones and primary and secondary metabolites as well as protein and nucleic acid
uptake of compounds is based on uptake by plant roots and the major chemical properties are lipophilicity, electrical charge, molecular weight, and H-bonding capacity. Lipophilicity is a measure of the affinity of compounds for the lipid phase of plant
were kept under control by hand-weeding. In both years, regular cultural practices were applied uniformly through all plots. Water obtained from the groundwater was used in irrigations. The irrigation water with the pH value (7.46) close to neutral, and
Figure 2B . Pollenkitt is the most striking pollen surface coat of many insect- as well as wind-pollinated species ( Weber, 1996 ). It mainly comprises neutral lipids, including carotenoid pigments ( Pacini and Hesse, 2005 ). Fig. 2. Transmission electron