optimized practices with high-yielding varieties ( Tilman et al., 2011 ). Several abiotic stresses can be alleviated through appropriate management strategies. For example, deficit irrigation is a well-established method used to save water while maintaining
stressing plants to a certain profitable level. This management technique is generally known as deficit irrigation. If irrigation rates are reduced at predetermined developmental stages where deficits would not severely impact productivity, it is called
water stress as a tool in irrigation management, is limited. There is evidence in many tree crops (e.g., Boland et al., 1993 ; Chalmers et al., 1986 ; Shackel et al., 2000b ) that restricted water supply (also referred to as deficit irrigation) can
, irrigation constitutes 60% of water withdrawals, which is relatively higher than other sectors, such as manufacturing industries and municipalities ( FAO, 2016 ). Deficit irrigation scheduling in agriculture conserves scarce water resources, increases grower
irrigation based on soil and weather conditions ( Bryla, 2011 ). Additional strategies may include deficit irrigation or cutting off (stopping) irrigation at key developmental stages. Deficit irrigation is used successfully in many fruit crops, including
factor in tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality ( Chen et al., 2014 ; Sun et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2015 ). Many studies have shown that deficit irrigation improves tomato fruit quality because it leads to increased amounts of sugar, VC, and beta
improved irrigation management practices, which can help conserve water and sustain crop production in water-limited areas ( El-Mageed and Semida, 2015 ; Howell, 2001 ). Deficit irrigation (DI) is one of those potential water conserving irrigation
levels during deficit irrigation and postdrought recovery in perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass is a cool-season species widely used for golf courses, commercial landscapes, and pastures in temperate climates. Drought stress is a major factor limiting
have shown that deficit irrigation could not only improve creeping bentgrass tolerance to stress but also significantly reduce cost of irrigation water ( Ervin et al., 2009 ; Huang et al., 2014 ). However, little study has been reported on effect of
for the rise in total antioxidant content ( Andre et al., 2009 ). Research by Jovanovic et al. (2010) in potato and Peña et al. (2013) in pomegranate also found increased antioxidant content using deficit irrigation as compared with fully irrigated