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  • Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science x
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supplemental photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF ) of ≈30 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 at plant height [as measured with a quantum sensor (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE)] when outdoor irradiance was less than 250 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 from 0600 to 2200 hr . The substrate

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) = [(FW−DW)/(TW−DW)] × 100. Chlorophyll content was determined according to Jiang et al. (2010) . Leaf proline and TSS content. The leaf proline content was determined as described by DaCosta and Huang (2006) . The TSS content was estimated using

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fruit ripening, and impaired fruit quality as previously reported for peach [ Prunus persica ( Sanz et al., 1997 )] and sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis ( Pestana et al., 2011 )]. Severe reductions in yield are associated with decreased leaf chlorophyll

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, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were included to help elucidate anticipated physiological responses to intracanopy SL for greenhouse tomato production during opposite seasonal-transition experiments. Additionally, fruit-yield and energy

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al., 2011 ; Lynch et al., 1989 ; Munns, 1988 , 1993 , 2011 ; Munns and Tester, 2008 ; Schachtman et al., 1991 ). Putatively, each of the limiting factors can be sensed by an elaborate system of stress sensors and then translated into a broad

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monitored daily by a quantum sensor (LI-190SA; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) and a spectrometer (USB 200; Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL), respectively ( Supplemental Fig. 1 ). The PPF was maintained at 200 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 by adjusting the distance between LED light

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; Yeh and Hsu, 2004 ). Heat stress leads to drastic changes in the cell membrane stability and ultimately influences the sensors present in the membrane ( Suzuki and Mittler, 2006 ). Therefore, understanding how plants respond to stress is an important

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multiple greenhouse lighting scenarios and found higher daily light integral (DLI) increased growth rate and carbohydrate partitioning. Chlorophylls a and b absorb radiation maximally in the red (663 and 642 nm, respectively) and blue (430 and 453 nm

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Kinmonth-Schultz and Kim (2011) . In each chamber, temperature/light sensors (HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light senor; Onset Computer, Bourne, MA) recorded temperature and illuminance (kilolux) every 15 min for the experimental period January to June ( Fig. 1

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% of G radiation (525 nm) ( McCree, 1972 ). Radiation transmission and reflection are higher for G radiation than for B or R radiation. Although chlorophylls a and b on the adaxial leaf surface absorb most B and R radiation and little G radiation

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