24 months after burial. Results indicated that the mass of PLA films in some samples increased up to 160% after 20 months because of high adherence of soil particles and mycelium on fragments even after cleaning, whereas image analysis of these same
frequently used amendments in container substrates ( Gartner, 1981 ). Sowing depth has also been found to significantly affect palm germination. Broschat and Donselman (1986) found that a sowing depth of 1 cm resulted in significantly increased germination
an internal arch ( Zhang, 2017 ; Zhang et al., 2017 ). It reduced the distance of the greenhouse boundary and increased the soil temperature at the southern boundary of the greenhouse. On the basis of this research, scholars have conducted an in-depth
insulation from hostile surface environments. Contractile roots also may pull bulblets away from the bulb scale, providing the benefit of dispersal. In some species, the movement of the bulb into the substrate diminishes at greater depth. The sensing of
hill and subject to the same temperature and moisture conditions as fertilizer placed in the hill. In Expt. 1, Kingenta PCU was buried in the field 6 d before planting on 20 Apr. to a depth of 5 to 10 cm, because potato hills were not formed until the
around each tree. Uncomposted mixed hardwood wood mulch was applied at a depth of 3 inches to 4 inches (7.5– to 10 cm) to form a 2 ft (0.6 m) radius around each tree. One-mil thick polyethylene mulches (Mid-South Extrusion, Monroe, LA) were laid on raised
buried at 5- to 10-cm depth in their respective plots to simulate field condition of cover crop incorporation. The mesh size of the litterbags used in this study (1 mm) was small enough to prevent lossof litter as a result of breakage but sufficiently
bitter melon seeds were in the harvested soil, we spread the 1 L sample in a tray to 3 cm depth, placed the tray under 50% shade, and maintained moist soil for 4 weeks. Only five Passiflora suberosa L. seedlings emerged from the soil. Half of the bulk
seasons. Dates of yellow nutsedge and weed seed burial and retrieval as well as hand weeding and weed biomass collection dates are listed in Table 1 . Statistical analysis. For the weed seed viability data, the season × location interaction was not
to remove debris that did not passed through a 4-mm screen. Each bin was filled with soil to a depth of 11 cm. The undersides of bins featured 9-mm diameter holes for drainage. Chile pepper plants were started from seeds buried 2 cm in soil within the