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., 1997 ; Pimentel et al., 1992 ). New laws banning or restricting pesticide use on school properties, coupled with budget reductions, have severely reduced the ability of turfgrass managers to manage pests ( Miller and Henderson, 2012 ). Sports fields

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, 2009 ) and added additional water-use constraints for urban landscapes in 2010. A major element of this legislation was the establishment of the California MWELO, which requires the implementation of water budgets based on ET o , an ETAF, and LA in

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, TX, Ms. Bush called an EMG volunteer to identify native plants and assist with plant selection ( Oberg, 2002 ). The contribution of EMG volunteers to extension programs is well documented ( Martin, 2009 ). As extension budgets are trimmed and agents

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temperate, climacteric fruit ( Guohua et al., 2012 ; Hayama et al., 2006 ; Minas et al., 2018 ; Tonutti et al., 1991 ; Zhang et al., 2011 ) undergoes rapid ripening, which accounts for its short shelf life and represents a serious constraint for its

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emerging, thereby presenting a major constraint to the root growth in the early stages of plant development (C. Estay, unpublished data). In the seedling trees, grafting also reduced the root and shoot biomass. Studies with macadamia seedling trees ( Firth

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the value of what they are learning and become more actively engaged ( Resnick, 1989 ). The hands-on aspect of developing the exhibit introduced students to the many challenges related to budgets, real deadlines, and the logistics of the construction

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accumulation breaking and stripping flowers from the plant, and water restrictions due to regulatory requirements or physical limitations of the irrigation system ( Perry, 1998 ; Poling, 2008 ; Snyder and Melo-Abreu, 2005 ). Given these constraints, growers

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developed countries are under increasing pressure to maintain profitability within new environmental constraints, such as the European Union (EU) nitrates directive 91/676/EEC ( EU, 1991 ), the EU water framework directive 2000/60/EC ( 1991 ), and the recent

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useful to university administrators and turfgrass industry representatives to evaluate material adn budget allocations. ADAPTABLE PROGRAM AVAILABLE FOR TRACKING OF PEDIGREES Lineage tracking remains an important part of the plant sciences; however

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few testers uses resources more efficiently than a single test with many subjects. For low-budget projects, two testers can be optimal ( Nielsen, 2012 ). The objective of this article is to detail how a unique horticultural mobile app was created to

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