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annuum L. cv. Cheonyang) were first surface-sterilized with 70% ethanol for 1 min followed by 4% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite for 20 min and the seeds were thoroughly washed with sterile distilled water. The capsicum seeds were germinated on Whatman No. 1
Sweet cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. are widely cultivated throughout the world because of their nutritional value, flavor, and color. However, bell peppers are susceptible to chilling injury (CI) below 7 °C ( Paull, 1990 ) depending on
controlling soil moisture-based irrigation in field-grown vegetables HortScience 48 S45 abstr. Diaz-Perez, J.C. 2010 Bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) grown on plastic film mulches: Effects on crop microenvironment, physiological attributes, and fruit yield
Two studies were performed to evaluate techniques for screening verticillium wilt of Capsicum annuum L. The first study tested inoculation methods. The original method involved mixing the inoculum with planting medium in a cement mixer for 1 h. Seeds then were planted in the infested medium. In the new technique, inoculum is poured directly into the row, and seeds are placed directly on top of the inoculum. Inoculum levels of 2000 and 1000 mcrosclerotia/g of soil were tested in the new “in-row” method. The disease severity of the “in-row” plants was significantly less than the plants inoculated by the original method. A significant difference remained between resistant and susceptible lines. There was no difference between inoculum levels. The second study compared three commercial planting media to the standard soil used in previous screenings. Disease severity did not differ among media, and all media showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible C. annuum lines.
capsici (race PWB24) inoculated leaves in Capsicum annuum at 4, 24, and 72 h. ( A ) resistant landrace Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334); ( B ) susceptible cultivar NMH6-4. Gene expression changes in response to P. capsici challenge. Factorial ANOVA and LS
Abstract
An interspecific cross between Capsicum annuum L. cv. Delray Bell which has a single flower per node, and Capsicum chinense Jacq. Plant Introduction (PI) 159236 which has multiple flowers per node, was studied. The F1 generation was intermediate with double flowers per node. The segregating (F2, F3, and backcross) populations indicated that a few major genes controlled the double flower character, whereas additional genes were needed for the expression of multiple flower character.
In vitro genetic transformation of chile pepper, Capsicum annuum var. New Mexico 6-4, was achieved. Seeds of `New Mexico 6-4' were grown aseptically on Murashige and Skoog medium. Seedlings 22 days old were wounded on the hypocotyl region using a sterile hypodermic needle. A. rhizogenes strain K 599 harboring the plasmid p35S GUS Intron was inoculated on the wound site. Three days later the seedlings were transferred onto MS media with antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin, Clavulanic acid, and Kanamycin). New roots were seen to initiate from the wound site 15 to 20 days after inoculation. The roots were morphologically identified as “hairy roots.” Glucuronidase (Gus) assay performed 40 days after inoculation on randomly chosen roots that had grown into the selection medium, showed that 6/25 (24%) of the inoculated seedlings had roots that showed intense blue coloration. Presence of an intron makes it impossible for the bacteria to express the reporter gene. The seedlings that had transformed roots had a different morphology with wrinkled leaves and short internodes. The pattern of expression of the introduced gene varied greatly. Some positive tissues had the root tips alone being blue; a few had the vascular tissues and the root tips blue; and others had the vascular tissues, the surrounding parenchyma cells, root tips, and the root hairs turn very dark blue. The transformed roots did not need to grow into the selection media to be Gus positive. Isolated roots cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA were maintained for 120 days and continued to express the reporter gene. Currently, methods to regenerate transformed shoots from roots are being tested. The “hairy root” transformation system in pepper could have application in the testing of root-expressible constructs for transgene expression assays.
efficiency in the use of water and nutrients in vegetable crops ( Simonne et al., 2010 ). Bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable crop in the state of Georgia, with a farm gate value of $122 million on 2078 ha in 2014 ( Wolfe and Stubbs
capsicums CAB International Wallingford, UK Deshpande, R.B. 1933 Studies in Indian chilies. 3. The inheritance of some characters in Capsicum annuum L Indian J. Agr. Sci. 3 219 300 Lightbourn, G
Many vegetables have ornamental as well as food value. Widely grown vegetable crops such as pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) were prized more as ornamentals than as a food source when introduced to Europe in the 15th century ( Stommel and Bosland