PRSV is the most serious, widespread, and damaging virus affecting papaya ( Carica papaya L.) worldwide ( Gonsalves, 1998 ; Teixeira da Silva et al., 2007 ). The PRSV belongs to the species-rich genus Potyvirus in Potyviridae and has a
Papaya is one of the most important tropical fruit crops with annual production of ≈9.1 million tones and economic value of U.S. ≈$6097 million ( FAOSTAT, 2012 ). Damping-off is a major disease of papaya ( Carica papaya L.) seedling in nurseries
Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is a major fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions. In a comparison against 34 commonly consumed fruits, papaya ranks number one in many categories including vitamin A and C, potassium, folate, niacin, thiamine
Although the popularity of convenient, packaged, cut fruit is increasing, there are also concerns over foodborne diseases and spoilage. Fresh-cut and frozen papaya preparations have potential as value-added products of high quality for the papaya
). Carica papaya is a tropical fruit that can be eaten when ripe or unripe. In Taiwan, consumers enjoy eating papaya fruit and consume blended/macerated papaya mixed with milk, which is known as papaya milk. However, there is a downside to this beverage
Leaves normally represent the assimilating area of a plant and determine its photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. Papaya ( Carica papaya L.), a C 3 plant ( Marler et al., 1994 ), develops new leaves, flowers, and fruit continually, with 2
Leaves of container-grown papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants were inoculated with papaya ringspot virus (PRV) to determine its influence on dark respiration and photosynthesis. Photosynthetic capacity, apparent quantum yield, ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence from dark-adapted leaves, and photosynthetic CO2-use efficiency were reduced by PRV infection. Internal CO2 partial pressure at ambient external CO2 was not affected, but leaf dark respiration was increased by PRV infection. These results suggest that reduced growth, yield, and fruit quality common in PRV-infected papaya plants is caused, at least partially, by reduced photosynthesis and increased respiration.
Papaya is a large perennial plant with a rapid growth rate ( Paull and Duarte, 2011 ). In Malaysia, papaya ranks third in fruit production after durian ( Durio zibethinus ) and banana ( Musa sp.) ( Ali et al., 2010 ). The cultivar Eksotika II is a
Open-pollinated progeny from 20 papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars, 2 Carica pubescens and 1 C. goudotiana were evaluated for vegetative growth and for tolerance to papaya ringspot virus under greenhouse and field condition. The artificial inoculation with the viral strain of severe mottle and necrosis symptom type was followed two months after germination. The survival rate and symptom development were significant difference among genotypes. Plant height was negatively correlated with viral survival rate; r =0.58** at greenhouse, and r =0.56** in the field, respectively. The direct ELISA(the conjugate of purified McAb-14 with alkaline phosphatase) was applied to guarantee successful inoculation and to detect plant responding to viral infection one month after artificial inoculation. Then, selection for resistance to papaya ringspot virus is done on a single plant basis. The progeny of positive index of direct ELISA with no symptom development had often from the parent with higher survival rate.
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit flesh and seed growth, fruit respiration, sugar accumulation, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and acid invertase (AI) were determined from anthesis for ≈150 days after anthesis (DAA), the full ripe stage. Sugar began to accumulate in the fruit flesh between 100 and 140 DAA, after seed maturation had occurred. SPS activity remained low throughout fruit development. The activity of SS was high 14 DAA and decreased to less than one-fourth within 56 DAA, then remained constant during the remainder of fruit development. AI activity was low in young fruit and began to increase 90 DAA and reached a peak more than 10-fold higher, 125 DAA, as sugar accumulated in the flesh. Results suggest that SS and AI are two major enzymes that may determine papaya fruit sink strength in the early and late fruit development phases, respectively. AI activity paralleled sugar accumulation and may be involved in phloem sugar unloading.